Optimasi Bauran Produk Teh PF dan Dust dengan Metode Linear Programming Grafis untuk Meningkatkan Profitabilitas pada PTPN I Regional 2 Kebun Cisaruni Garut
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsbm.v6i2.26297Keywords:
Pemrograman Linier, Bauran Produk, Metode Grafis, ProfitabilitasAbstract
Abstract. This study analyzes the optimization of black orthodox tea product mix, specifically Pekoe Fannings (PF) and Dust grades, at PTPN I Regional 2 Cisaruni Estate, Garut, using the graphical Linear Programming (LP) method to increase profitability. The background of this research is the estate's pre-tax loss of Rp13,073,742,629 as of April 2026, while the sorting station currently only utilizes 75% of its design capacity (825 Kg out of 1,100 Kg per day) for the PF and Dust fractions. This research uses a quantitative descriptive case study method. Primary data were obtained through direct observation and in-depth interviews with the Technical and Processing Assistant Staff, while secondary data were obtained from the estate's internal profit and loss report. The decision variables used are the daily quantity of PF (X1) and Dust (X2), with an objective function of maximizing net contribution margin and constraints on processing capacity and market absorption. The results show that the optimal solution is 660 Kg of PF and 440 Kg of Dust per day, yielding a maximum daily contribution of Rp18,131,300, an increase of Rp4,532,825 or 33.33 percent compared to the actual production mix of 495 Kg PF and 330 Kg Dust. Dual value analysis indicates that expanding market access for PF grade is the most strategic lever for profitability, exceeding the value of adding sorting capacity. This research recommends that management maintain the existing PF to Dust ratio while maximizing sorting station utilization toward its design capacity.
Abstrak. Penelitian ini menganalisis optimasi bauran produk teh hitam ortodoks, khususnya grade Pekoe Fannings (PF) dan Dust, pada PTPN I Regional 2 Kebun Cisaruni, Garut, menggunakan metode Linear Programming (LP) grafis untuk meningkatkan profitabilitas. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah kerugian sebelum pajak Kebun Cisaruni sebesar Rp13.073.742.629 hingga April 2026, sementara stasiun sortasi saat ini baru memanfaatkan 75% dari kapasitas desainnya (825 Kg dari 1.100 Kg per hari) untuk fraksi PF dan Dust. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif berbentuk studi kasus. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi langsung dan wawancara mendalam bersama Staff Asisten Teknik dan Pengolahan, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan laba rugi internal perusahaan. Variabel keputusan yang digunakan adalah kuantitas harian PF (X1) dan Dust (X2), dengan fungsi tujuan memaksimalkan margin kontribusi bersih dan kendala berupa kapasitas pengolahan serta daya serap pasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan solusi optimal sebesar 660 Kg PF dan 440 Kg Dust per hari, menghasilkan kontribusi harian maksimum Rp18.131.300, naik Rp4.532.825 atau 33,33% dibandingkan bauran produksi aktual sebesar 495 Kg PF dan 330 Kg Dust. Analisis nilai dual menunjukkan bahwa perluasan akses pasar untuk grade PF merupakan pengungkit paling strategis bagi profitabilitas, melebihi nilai penambahan kapasitas sortasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan manajemen mempertahankan rasio PF terhadap Dust yang sudah berjalan sembari memaksimalkan utilisasi stasiun sortasi menuju kapasitas desainnya.
References
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2022). Current Market Situation and Medium Term Outlook for Tea. Rome: FAO Intergovernmental Group on Tea.
Heizer, J., Render, B., & Munson, C. (2020). Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management (13th ed.). Pearson Education.
Kalwar, M. A., Khan, M. A., Shahzad, M. F., Wadho, M. H., & Marri, H. B. (2022). Development of Linear Programming Model for Optimization of Product Mix and Maximization of Profit: Case of Leather Industry. Journal of Applied Research in Technology & Engineering, 3(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.4995/jarte.2022.16391
Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. (2024). Outlook Komoditas Perkebunan Teh. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian RI.
Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P., & Malhotra, M. K. (2019). Operations Management: Processes and Supply Chains (12th ed.). Pearson Education.
PTPN I Regional 2. (2024). Profil dan Struktur Organisasi Kebun Cisaruni. Garut: PT Perkebunan Nusantara I Regional 2.
PTPN I Regional 2. (2025). Data Harga Pasar dan Kapasitas Produksi Teh PF dan Dust Kebun Cisaruni. Garut: PT Perkebunan Nusantara I Regional 2.
PTPN I Regional 2. (2026). Laporan Analisis Data Riil Biaya Mesin dan Kapasitas Operasional Pabrik Teh Ortodoks Cisaruni. Garut: PT Perkebunan Nusantara I Regional 2.
Render, B., Stair, R. M., & Hanna, M. E. (2018). Quantitative Analysis for Management (13th ed.). Pearson Education.
Russell, R. S., & Taylor, B. W. (2019). Operations and Supply Chain Management (10th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2020). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach (8th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Siregar, H. (2023). Penerapan Linear Programming (Metode Grafis) pada Perkebunan Teh PTPN IV Sidamanik. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara.
Taha, H. A. (2017). Operations Research: An Introduction (10th ed.). Pearson Education.
