Inhibitory Effect of Single-Dose Herbal Betel Toothpaste on Streptococcus mutans
Keywords:
dental caries, herbal toothpaste, Streptococcus mutansAbstract
Dental caries is one of the most common oral health problems in Indonesia and is closely linked to the activity of Streptococcus mutans, which lowers oral pH and triggers enamel demineralization. Traditional betel-chewing ingredients—areca nut, betel leaf, and gambier—contain tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids known for their antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a herbal toothpaste formulated from these ingredients at a single 25% concentration compared to conventional toothpaste against S. mutans. A laboratory experimental design with a post-test only control group was employed, consisting of two groups: 25% herbal toothpaste (F1) and a positive control using conventional toothpaste, each with five replications. The agar diffusion method was used to measure antibacterial activity, and data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test followed by an independent t-test. The results showed that the 25% herbal toothpaste produced inhibition zones against S. mutans with significantly larger diameters than the conventional toothpaste (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that a 25% formulation of areca nut, betel leaf, and gambier-based toothpaste has strong potential as an effective locally sourced alternative for dental caries prevention.
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