Tinjauan Maqashid Syariah terhadap Implikasi Buy Now Pay Later di E-Commerce Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. The rapid development of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services in e-commerce has increased public access to digital financing while simultaneously raising concerns regarding consumer financial behavior and compliance with Islamic economic principles. This study aims to analyze the implementation of BNPL on the Akulaku application and examine its implications from the perspective of maqashid sharia, particularly in achieving the protection of wealth (hifẓ al-māl) and consumer welfare. This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive-normative approach. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three active Akulaku BNPL users, while secondary data were obtained from books, scientific journals, regulations, DSN-MUI Fatwas, and other relevant literature. The findings indicate that BNPL is used not only for purchasing goods but also for paying routine expenses, including electricity bills, health insurance premiums, and mobile credit, due to its convenience and payment flexibility. However, such practices may encourage dependence on digital financing and weaken financial planning if not accompanied by adequate financial discipline. From the perspective of maqashid sharia, the observed practices have not fully reflected the objective of hifẓ al-māl, as some transactions were conducted for non-essential needs. Nevertheless, BNPL may be permissible when used proportionally, for legitimate needs, with the ability to repay on time, and through financing mechanisms that comply with Islamic principles.

Abstrak. Perkembangan layanan Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) pada platform e-commerce memberikan kemudahan akses pembiayaan bagi masyarakat, namun juga menimbulkan berbagai implikasi terhadap perilaku konsumsi dan pengelolaan keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis praktik penggunaan BNPL pada aplikasi Akulaku serta meninjaunya berdasarkan perspektif maqashid syariah, khususnya dalam mewujudkan perlindungan harta (hifẓ al-māl) dan kemaslahatan konsumen. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-normatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur terhadap tiga pengguna aktif BNPL Akulaku, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari buku, jurnal ilmiah, peraturan perundang-undangan, Fatwa DSN-MUI, serta literatur yang relevan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BNPL dimanfaatkan untuk pembelian barang maupun pembayaran kebutuhan rutin, seperti listrik, BPJS Kesehatan, dan pulsa, karena menawarkan kemudahan serta fleksibilitas pembayaran. Namun, penggunaan tersebut berpotensi mengubah pola pengelolaan keuangan dan mendorong ketergantungan terhadap pembiayaan digital apabila tidak disertai perencanaan keuangan yang baik. Berdasarkan perspektif maqashid syariah, praktik penggunaan BNPL oleh informan belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan tujuan hifẓ al-māl, karena sebagian penggunaan dilakukan untuk kebutuhan yang tidak bersifat darurat. Meskipun demikian, BNPL pada dasarnya dapat dibolehkan selama digunakan secara proporsional, sesuai kebutuhan, memiliki kemampuan melunasi kewajiban tepat waktu, serta mekanisme pembiayaannya selaras dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah.