Tinjauan Fikih Muamalah pada Penggunaan Sistem Taksiran dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Hewan Kurban

Abstract

Abstract. This research was motivated by the practice of buying and selling in farm X, Sukajaya Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency which buys and sells sacrificial animals with an estimation system without using scales. Sellers provide the same price with different weights of cows. This study aims to find out practice of buying and selling that occurs in farm X in Sukajaya Village and to find out the analysis of muamalah fiqh related to the practice of buying and selling with an estimation system that occurs in farm X in Sukajaya Village. This type of research uses field research which is descriptive analysis with primary data sources obtained from interviews with farm X and buyers at farm X, secondary data obtained from literature relevant to the research. The data cellection techniques used were interviews dan documentation. The practice of buying and selling that occurs at farm X in Sukajaya Village has two ways, the first is with a scale system that is carried out with scales, the second is with a jogrogan system or estimation which is carried out by calvulating the scales. Farmers often suggest buying with a jogrogan system rather than a scale system because it is considered that the jogrogan system is more practical and minimizer losses. As a result of the analysis that has been carried out, according to a review of the sale and purchase contract with the assessment system carried out at fram X, it is stated that the contract is fasid, this is because legally the sale and purchase is legal but there are condition that are not met. Among them is shighat namely there is unclear information related to the weight of the cow being traded, and the object where the seller sells it individually while according to the buyer wants to be weighed to minimize discrepancies.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh praktik jual beli yang dilakukan di peternakan X Desa Sukajaya Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat yang melakukan jual beli hewan kurban dengan sistem taksiran tidak menggunakan timbangan. Penjual memberikan harga yang sama dengan bobot sapi yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik jual beli yang terjadi di peternakan X Desa Sukajaya Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat, dan mengetahui analisis fikih muamalah terkait praktik jual beli dengan sistem taksiran yang terjadi di peternakan X di Desa Sukajaya Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian lapangan (field research) yang bersifat deskriptif analisis dengan sumber data primer yang diperoleh wawancara kepada peternakan X dan pembeli di peternakan X, data sekunder yang diperoleh dari literatur yang relevan dengan penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Praktik jual beli yang terjadi di peternakan X desa Sukajaya ini terdapat dua cara, pertama dengan sistem timbangan yang dilakukan dengan timbangan, kedua dengan sistem jogrogan atau taksiran yang dilakukan dengan mengira-ngira timbangan. Pihak peternak lebih karena dinilai sistem jogrogan lebih praktis dan meminimalisir kerugian. Hasil analisis yang  telah dilakukan, secara tinjauan akad jual beli dengan sistem taksiran yang dilakukan di peternakan X dinyatakan akadnya fasid. Hal ini karena secara hukum jual belinya sah tetapi terdapat syarat-syarat yang tidak terpenuhi. Diantaranya shighat yaitu terdapat ketidakjelasan informasai terkait bobot sapi yang diperjualbelikan, dan objek Dimana penjual menjual secara satuan sementara menurut pembeli menginginkan ditimbang agar meminimalisir ketidaksesuaian.