Di Balik Interaksi Digital: Tinjauan Literatur tentang Hubungan Kesepian dan Nomophobia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v6i2.25630Keywords:
kesepian, media sosial, nomophobiaAbstract
Abstract University students who use social media heavily often report loneliness alongside nomophobia (anxiety from being unable to access a smartphone), with TikTok and Instagram thought to produce different psychological effects due to their distinct algorithms and self-presentation styles; this paper synthesizes theoretical and empirical research on loneliness and nomophobia among student social media users, with particular focus on students in Bandung, using a narrative literature review approach drawing on national and international journals, systematic reviews, books, and theses published between 2013 and 2026 from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, GARUDA, and similar databases, analyzed thematically. The review found that loneliness breaks down into three types romantic, family, and social while nomophobia involves four dimensions: difficulty communicating, loss of connectedness, limited information access, and reduced comfort, with global nomophobia rates ranging from 15.2% to 99.7% and Indonesia ranking among the countries with the highest prevalence of severe nomophobia worldwide. Each platform's characteristics appear to have distinct effects: TikTok's passive, algorithm-driven usage is more closely linked to family-related loneliness, while Instagram's identity-focused engagement is more closely linked to nomophobia, though the direct relationship between loneliness and nomophobia remains inconsistent across studies ranging from no relationship to weak-to-moderate positive correlation while self-control and self-esteem consistently emerge as protective factors, suggesting campus mental health programs should be tailored to platform-specific usage patterns and aimed at strengthening students' self-control, rather than treating all social media behavior as uniform.
Abstrak. Mahasiswa yang aktif menggunakan media sosial sering mengalami kesepian dan nomophobia (rasa cemas ketika tidak bisa mengakses ponsel), dengan TikTok dan Instagram diduga memicu pengalaman psikologis berbeda karena cara kerja algoritma dan gaya presentasi diri yang tidak sama; tulisan ini merangkum kajian teori dan penelitian empiris tentang kesepian serta nomophobia pada mahasiswa pengguna media sosial, dengan fokus khusus pada mahasiswa di Bandung, menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur naratif yang menelusuri jurnal nasional maupun internasional, tinjauan sistematis, buku, dan skripsi terbitan 2013–2026 dari Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, GARUDA, dan basis data sejenis, lalu dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa kesepian terbagi menjadi tiga jenis romantis, keluarga, dan sosial, sedangkan nomophobia terdiri dari empat aspek: kesulitan berkomunikasi, hilangnya rasa terhubung, terbatasnya akses informasi, dan berkurangnya kenyamanan, dengan angka kejadian nomophobia global bervariasi dari 15,2% hingga 99,7% dan Indonesia termasuk negara dengan tingkat nomophobia parah tertinggi di dunia. Karakteristik masing-masing platform memberi dampak berbeda: penggunaan TikTok yang pasif dan mengikuti algoritma lebih terkait dengan kesepian keluarga, sementara Instagram yang berorientasi pembentukan identitas lebih terkait dengan nomophobia, meski hubungan langsung antara kesepian dan nomophobia sendiri belum konsisten antarpenelitian mulai dari tidak ada hubungan hingga korelasi positif lemah-sedang sementara kontrol diri dan harga diri konsisten menjadi faktor pelindung, sehingga program kesehatan mental kampus sebaiknya disesuaikan dengan pola penggunaan tiap platform dan diarahkan memperkuat kontrol diri mahasiswa, bukan menyamaratakan seluruh perilaku bermedia sosial.
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