Pengaruh Pengungkapan Diri terhadap Penyesuaian Diri Perguruan Tinggi Mahasiswa Perantau Batak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v6i2.25507Keywords:
Pengungkapan Diri, Penyesuaian Diri Perguruan Tinggi, MahasiswaAbstract
Abstract. First-year Batak migrant students face unique challenges in adjusting to college. Self-disclosure is considered one factor that may support successful college adjustment. This study examined the effect of self-disclosure on college adjustment among 257 first-year Batak migrant students in Bandung. A quantitative non-experimental study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Indonesian-adapted Reverse Self-disclosure Scale (RSDS) and Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) and analyzed using simple linear regression. The results showed that self-disclosure had a positive and significant effect on adjustment to college (B = 1.667, p < .001), including the academic, social, and personal-emotional dimensions (B = 0.618–0.640, p < .001), but not on the institutional attachment dimension (B = 0.042, p = .260). The coefficient of determination (R² = .332) indicated that self-disclosure explained 33.2% of the variance in adjustment to college. These findings suggest that self-disclosure is an important interpersonal skill supporting adjustment to college among first-year Batak migrant students in Bandung.
Abstrak. Mahasiswa baru perantau Suku Batak menghadapi tantangan penyesuaian diri yang khas di perguruan tinggi. Pengungkapan diri diduga menjadi salah satu faktor yang mendukung keberhasilan penyesuaian diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengungkapan diri terhadap penyesuaian diri perguruan tinggi pada mahasiswa baru perantau Suku Batak di Kota Bandung. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif non-eksperimental dengan desain cross-sectional. Partisipan berjumlah 257 mahasiswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Reverse Self-disclosure Scale (RSDS) dan Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) versi adaptasi Bahasa Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengungkapan diri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyesuaian diri perguruan tinggi (B = 1.667, p < .001 termasuk pada dimensi akademik, sosial, dan personal-emosional (B = 0.618–0.640, p < .001), tetapi tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada dimensi keterikatan institusional (B = 0.042, p = .260). Nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar .332 menunjukkan bahwa pengungkapan diri menjelaskan 33.2% variasi penyesuaian diri perguruan tinggi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pengungkapan diri merupakan salah satu keterampilan interpersonal yang mendukung penyesuaian diri perguruan tinggi pada mahasiswa baru perantau Suku Batak di Kota Bandung.
References
Altman, I., & Taylor, D. A. (1973). Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Azura, K. P., Millah, S. A. M., Chairunissa, J., & Visidia, L. C. (2024). Transformasi identitas budaya Minangkabau di perantauan. TSAQOFAH, 4(6), 4177–4188. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v4i6.4157
Baker, R. W., & Siryk, B. (1984). Measuring adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(2), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.31.2.179
Best Colleges. (2023). College student mental health statistics. https://www.bestcolleges.com/research/college-student-mental-health-statistics/
Cheung, C. S. S., Pomerantz, E. M., & Dong, W. (2013). Does adolescents’ disclosure to their parents matter for their academic adjustment? Child Development, 84(2), 693–710. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01853.x
Chintawidy, P. A., & Sartini, N. W. (2022). A cross-cultural pragmatics study of request strategies and politeness in Javanese and Sundanese. Journal of Pragmatics Research, 4(1), 152–166. https://doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v4i2.152-166
Cohorn, C. A., & Guiliano, T. A. (1999). Predictors of adjustment and institutional attachment in 1st-year college students. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 4(2), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN4.2.47
Credé, M., & Niehorster, S. (2012). Adjustment to college as measured by the student adaptation to college questionnaire: A Quantitative Review of its Structure and Relationships with Correlates and Consequences. Educational Psychology Review, 24(1), 133–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-011-9184-5
Darmawan, R., & Rasyid, A. (2025). Dominasi Suku Batak pada lulusan sarjana di Indonesia: Perspektif Komunikasi Lintas Budaya. Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(2), 415–430. https://doi.org/10.33367/ijhass.v6i2.7627
DeVito, J. A. (2016). The interpersonal communication book (14th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Gao, X., & Takai, J. (2023). Psychosocial effects of self-disclosure among Chinese international students in Japan. Journal of International Students, 14(1), 58–77. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v14i1.5098
Ghazali, A., & Martini, L. (2012). Bandung as service city in Indonesia: Role of academician, business, and community. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 52, 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.469
Hasanah, U., Safarina, N. A., & Safuwan. (2023). Gambaran self-disclosure pada mahasiswa Universitas Malikussaleh berdasarkan budaya. INSIGHT: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 1(4), 686–695. https://doi.org/10.29103/uhjpm.v2i1.13420
Hutabarat, E., & Nurchayati, N. (2021). Penyesuaian diri mahasiswa batak yang merantau di Surabaya. Character Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 8(7), 45–59. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v8i7.41734
Intan, T., Handayani, V. T., & Mariamurti, P. A. (2018). Penutur Bahasa Sunda di antara tradisi dan globalisasi: Sebuah tinjauan interkultural. Conference: Seminar Nasional Bahasa-Bahasa Lokal.
Kementerian Kesehatan. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/hasil-ski-2023/
Khalis, A. M. (2025). Kesehatan mental mahasiswa di Bandung: tantangan di era modern dan solusi yang dibutuhkan. https://www.kompasiana.com/sololeveling5021/ 68216c01c925c45e9d67a7d2/kesehatan-mental-mahasiswa-di-bandung-tantangan-di-era-modern-dan-solusi-yang-dibutuhkan
Kusumaningtyas, A., & Rahmandani, A. (2023). Hubungan antara self-disclosure dan penyesuaian diri pada mahasiswa prodi D3 keperawatan Poltekkes Semarang. Jurnal Empati, 12(4), 298–305. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2023.28298
Lestari, S. S. (2016). Hubungan keterbukaan diri dengan penyesuaian diri mahasiswa Riau di Yogyakarta. E-Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 5(3), 1–13.
Milsom, A., & Coughlin, J. (2017). Examining person–environment fit and academic major satisfaction. Journal of College Counseling, 20(3), 250–262. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12073
Mtshweni, B. (2025). Can a sense of belonging influence institutional attachment among first-year university students? Assessing the moderated mediation effects of social and emotional adjustment. Journal of Student Affairs in Africa, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.24085/jsaa.v13i1.5234
Nadlyfah, A. K., & Kustanti, E. R. (2018). Hubungan antara pengungkapan diri dengan penyesuaian diri pada mahasiswa rantau di Semarang. Jurnal Empati, 7(1), 136–144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2018.20171
Napriadi, N., & Emiyati, A. (2024). Menggali potensi Generasi Z sebagai agen perubahan di masyarakat multikultural. Proceeding National Conference of Christian Education and Theology, 133–142.
Nehra, N. S., & Rangnekar, S. (2017). Relationship understanding between emotional stability, self-disclosure and social adjustment. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 46(6), 558–578. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2017.1387165
Pangestu, H. X., & Ariela, J. (2020). Pengaruh attachment terhadap self-disclosure pada pria dewasa awal yang berpacaran. Humanitas, 4(1), 87–100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v4i1.2406
Permatahati, F., Suroso, & Pratitis, N. T. (2025). The correlation between self-disclosure, academic hardiness, and academic stress on vocational high school students. Journal of Arts,Humanities and Social Science, 2(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.69739/jahss.v2i1.218
Prasetyoaji, A., Zaky, U., Indriani, T., & Amanah, R. (2024). Pengaruh penyesuaian diri terhadap motivasi belajar pada mahasiswa rantau. G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 8(3), 1341–1348. https://doi.org/10.31316/gcouns.v8i3.5057
Rahmadani, A., & Rahmawati, Y. M. (2020). Adaptasi akademik, sosial, personal, dan institusional: studi college adjustment terhadap mahasiswa tingkat pertama. Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan, 8(3), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.29210/145700
Relifra, Suryani, N., & Fikriando, E. (2024). Studi literatur: Jiwa kewirausahaan etnis Minangkabau (Minang entrepreneuship). PENG: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 1(2), 521–526. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62710/gh4nt511
Rosyidah, R. H. (2025). Contrastive analysis of politeness strategies in refusal speech acts: A study of Sundanese and Batak language. English Learning Innovation (Englie), 6(1), 49–64.
Septiawan, D., Meddina, N., Amanda, A., & Edy, D. F. (2024). Penyesuaian diri mahasiswa Batak yang merantau di Malang. Flourishing Journal, 4(5), 210–224. https://doi.org/10.17977/um070v4i52024p210-224
Sholik, M. I., Rosyid, F., Mufa’idah, K., Agustina, T., & Ashari, U. R. (2016). Merantau sebagai budaya (eksplorasi sistem sosial masyarakat Pulau Bawean). Cakrawala: Jurnal Litbang Kebijakan, 10(2), 143–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v10i2.39
Siahaan, R., Zega, Y. K., & Situmeang, T. M. (2023). The philosophical meaning of Batak Toba “Naso Matanggak Di Hata, Naso Matahut Di Bohi”, a study of character education. Educative: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 1(2), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.37895/educative.v1i2.72
Sianturi, P. D., & Hadiyati, F. N. R. (2019). Hubungan antara self-disclosure dengan alienasi pada mahasiswa tahun pertama Suku Batak. Jurnal Empati, 8(1), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2019.23604
Simanjuntak, B. A. (2009). Konflik status dan kekuasaan orang Batak Toba: Bagian sejarah Batak. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Simatupang, L. D. (2025). Budaya dan kesadaran pendidikan pada masyarakat Batak: Analisis wacana kritis perspektif Norman Fairclough. Aksentuasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 6(1), 190–203.
Sitorus, R., & Dirgantara, P. (2022). Intercultural communication between Bataknese students and Sundanese students at Padjadjaran University. Medium, 9(2), 347–359. https://doi.org/10.25299/medium.2021.vol9(2).10204
Stokoe, M., Nordstokke, D., & Wilcox, G. (2024). First year students’ perceptions of the transition to university: The role of informational, instrumental, and emotional support. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 10(2), 377–393. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.3392
Tulak, A. G., & Sosialita, T. D. (2024). Hubungan antara social support dengan loneliness pada mahasiswa merantau: Tinjauan literatur. Buletin Riset Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental, 4(2). http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/BRPKM
Valentina, T. D., & Martani, W. (2018). Apakah hasangapon, hagabeon, dan hamoraon sebagai faktor protektif atau faktor risiko perilaku bunuh diri remaja Batak Toba? Sebuah kajian teoritis tentang nilai budaya Batak Toba. Buletin Psikologi, 26(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.28489
Wheeless, L. R., & Grotz, J. (1976). Conceptualization and measurement of reported self-disclosure. Human Communication Research, 2(4), 338–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00494.x
