Sport Motivation dan Stresss pada Student-Athlete: Tinjauan Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v6i2.25073Keywords:
sport motivation, stress, student-athlete, self-determination theoryAbstract
Abstract. Student-athletes who undergo intensive, boarding-based sport coaching alongside formal academic demands face a dual burden that may generate psychological stresss during adolescence. Based on the Transactional Model of Stresss (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984)) and Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), sport motivation is assumed to act as a person factor that shapes how athletes appraise coaching demands, and is thereby related to the level of stresss experienced. This article presents a literature review on the relationship between sport motivation and stresss in athletes as a theoretical basis for further research on the influence of sport motivation on stresss among student-athletes. A narrative literature review method was used on ten articles covering the relationship between depression-anxiety-stresss and achievement motivation, stresss prevalence among high school athletes, burnout in sport, stresss levels among PPLP athletes, motivational processes and athlete mental health, fear of failure, motivation of Indonesian student-athletes, a national literature review on athlete stresss, exploration of bio-psycho-social stresss triggers, and the relationship between student-athlete identity and motivation. The review shows a consistent negative association between psychological pressure and achievement motivation, a high prevalence of stresss among young athletes, the role of motivational processes in the development of burnout, and the complex, multidimensional sources of stresss experienced by student-athletes. In conclusion, autonomous sport motivation is presumed to be associated with lower stresss levels, supporting the need for empirical testing of the influence of sport motivation on stresss among student-athletes in intensive, boarding-based coaching systems.
Abstrak. Student-athlete yang menjalani pembinaan olahraga intensif berbasis asrama sekaligus tuntutan akademik formal menghadapi tuntutan ganda yang berpotensi menimbulkan stress psikologis pada usia remaja. Berdasarkan Transactional Model of Stresss (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) dan Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), sport motivation diduga berperan sebagai person factor yang menentukan cara atlet memaknai tekanan pembinaan, sehingga berkaitan dengan tingkat stress yang dialami. Artikel ini bertujuan menyajikan tinjauan literatur mengenai hubungan antara sport motivation dan stress pada atlet sebagai dasar teoretis bagi penelitian lanjutan mengenai pengaruh sport motivation terhadap stress pada student-athlete. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur naratif terhadap sepuluh artikel yang mencakup hubungan depresi-kecemasan-stress dengan motivasi berprestasi, prevalensi stress pada atlet SMA, burnout dalam olahraga, tingkat stress atlet PPLP, proses motivasional dan kesehatan mental atlet, fear of failure, motivasi atlet-pelajar Indonesia, tinjauan literatur nasional tentang stress atlet, eksplorasi pemicu stress berbasis biopsikososial, serta hubungan identitas dan motivasi student-athlete. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan pola hubungan negatif yang konsisten antara tekanan psikologis dan motivasi berprestasi, tingginya prevalensi stress pada atlet muda, serta kompleksnya sumber stress pada student-athlete yang mencakup faktor fisik, psikologis, dan sosial. Simpulannya, motivasi olahraga yang bersifat otonom diduga berasosiasi dengan tingkat stress yang lebih rendah, sehingga mendukung perlunya pengujian empiris pengaruh sport motivation terhadap stress pada student-athlete dalam sistem pembinaan berbasis asrama yang intensif.
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