Perfeksionisme, Ruminasi, dan Prokrastinasi Akademik pada Mahasiswa: Kajian Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v6i2.24282Keywords:
perfeksionisme, ruminasi, prokrastinasi akademik, Brooding, ReflectionAbstract
Abstract. Academic procrastination is one of the most common problems experienced by final-year university students during the completion of their undergraduate thesis. Previous studies have consistently associated perfectionism with academic procrastination; however, the findings remain inconclusive. This inconsistency suggests that other psychological mechanisms may explain the relationship, particularly rumination. This study aimed to examine the relationship between perfectionism, rumination, and academic procrastination using a narrative literature review approach. A total of fifteen studies were analyzed narratively to identify conceptual patterns, similarities and differences across findings, and existing research gaps. The synthesis indicates that perfectionism activates a discrepancy between individuals' actual and ideal self-schemas, which can be directed through two opposing cognitive pathways. Brooding disconnects individuals from their future self, reinforcing repetitive negative self-focused thinking that increases academic procrastination, whereas reflection keeps individuals oriented toward problem-solving, functioning adaptively to reduce procrastination tendencies. These findings emphasize the importance of distinguishing between the two dimensions of rumination to better understand the psychological mechanisms underlying academic procrastination among final-year university students.
Abstrak. Prokrastinasi akademik merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang banyak dialami mahasiswa tingkat akhir selama proses penyusunan skripsi. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perfeksionisme berhubungan dengan prokrastinasi akademik, namun hasil yang diperoleh masih belum konsisten. Kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan adanya mekanisme psikologis lain yang berperan dalam hubungan kedua variabel tersebut, salah satunya adalah ruminasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara perfeksionisme, ruminasi, dan prokrastinasi akademik melalui pendekatan narrative literature review. Sebanyak lima belas artikel yang relevan dianalisis secara naratif untuk mengidentifikasi pola hubungan antarkonsep, persamaan maupun perbedaan temuan penelitian, serta kesenjangan penelitian yang masih ada. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa perfeksionisme memicu kesenjangan antara skema diri aktual dan skema diri ideal, yang kemudian dapat diarahkan pada dua jalur kognitif yang berlawanan. Brooding memutus hubungan individu dengan diri di masa depan sehingga memperkuat pola pikir negatif berulang yang meningkatkan prokrastinasi akademik, sedangkan reflection menjaga individu tetap berorientasi pada pemecahan masalah sehingga berperan adaptif dalam menurunkan kecenderungan tersebut. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemisahan dimensi ruminasi penting dilakukan untuk memahami mekanisme psikologis yang mendasari prokrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir.
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