Pengaruh Self-Compassion terhadap Body Dissatisfaction pada Laki-Laki "Member Gym" Pengguna Media Sosial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v6i2.24240Keywords:
body dissatisfaction, laki-laki, media sosial, self-compassion, member gymAbstract
Abstract. The rapid growth of digital technology has positioned social media as a space that reinforces lean and muscular body ideals, while the competitive atmosphere of gym environments intensifies body-image pressure, particularly among young adult men who train actively. This exposure contributes to a rising prevalence of body dissatisfaction. In facing this negative self-evaluation, self-compassion is considered to play a protective role in helping individuals cope with appearance-related pressure. This study aimed to examine the effect of self-compassion on body dissatisfaction among male gym members who are active social media users. A quantitative approach with a predictive-correlational, cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 127 male gym members who use social media, obtained through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The results showed that self-compassion had a significant negative effect on body dissatisfaction (β = -0.686; p < 0.001). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.471) indicates that self-compassion accounted for 47.1% of the variance in body dissatisfaction. Higher self-compassion was associated with lower body dissatisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of developing self-compassion as a strategy to help men cope with pressure related to ideal body standards
Abstrak. Paparan standar tubuh ideal di media sosial seiring berkembangnya teknologi digital menempatkan media sosial sebagai ruang pembentukan tren visual penampilan yang menonjolkan tubuh lean dan muscular, sementara lingkungan gym menciptakan atmosfer kompetitif yang memicu tingginya kesenjangan citra tubuh, khususnya pada laki-laki dewasa awal yang aktif berlatih di gym, sehingga dapat meningkatkan body dissatisfaction. Dalam menghadapi pemaknaan negatif ini, self-compassion berperan membantu individu menghadapi tekanan terkait penampilan fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh self-compassion terhadap body dissatisfaction pada laki-laki member gym pengguna media sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional prediktif dan studi cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 127 laki-laki member gym pengguna media sosial yang diperoleh melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa self-compassion berpengaruh negatif secara signifikan terhadap body dissatisfaction (β = -0,686; p < 0,001). Nilai koefisien determinasi (R² = 0,471) menunjukkan bahwa self-compassion menjelaskan 47,1% variasi body dissatisfaction. Semakin tinggi self-compassion, semakin rendah body dissatisfaction pada laki-laki member gym pengguna media sosial. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya pengembangan self-compassion sebagai salah satu upaya membantu individu menghadapi tekanan terkait standar tubuh ideal.
References
Anggraheni, R. D., & Rahmandani, A. (2019). Hubungan antara self-compassion dan citra tubuh pada mahasiswi program S-1 Manajemen Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang. Jurnal Empati, 8(1).
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
Cash, T. F., & Smolak, L. (Eds.). (2011). Body image: A handbook of science, practice, and prevention (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.
Cranswick, I., Richardson, D., Littlewood, M., & Tod, D. (2025). ‘It’s not just you come into the gym and do your weight training’: a narrative exploration of muscularity’s role as identity capital. European Journal for Sport and Society, 22(2), 143-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2024.2417149
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2016). Social media and body image concerns: Current research and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 9, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.005
Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140.
Ganson, K. T., Testa, A., Rodgers, R. F., & Nagata, J. M. (2025). Associations between muscularity-oriented social media content and muscle dysmorphia among boys and men. Body Image, 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101903
Germer, C., & Neff, K. (2019). Mindful self-compassion (MSC). Dalam Handbook of mindfulness-based programmes (hlm. 357-367). Routledge.
Grogan, S. (2021). Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children (4th ed.). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003100041
Gültzow, T., Guidry, J. P. D., Schneider, F., & Hoving, C. (2020). Male body image portrayals on Instagram. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(5), 281-289. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0368
Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319.
Homan, K. J., & Tylka, T. L. (2015). Self-compassion moderates body comparison and appearance self-worth’s inverse relationships with body appreciation. Body Image, 15, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.04.007
Kemp, S. (2025, Januari). Digital 2025: Indonesia. DataReportal. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2025-indonesia
Life Time, Inc. (2023, 28 Desember). 2024 Fitness Survey Findings: Workouts are "Me Time," as People Set Boundaries from Work; Interest in Strength Training Continues to Grow. PR Newswire.
Maher, A. L., Lane, B. R., & Mulgrew, K. E. (2021). Self-compassion and body dissatisfaction in men: Extension of the tripartite influence model. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 22(2), 345-353. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000271
Marengo, D., Longobardi, C., Fabris, M. A., & Settanni, M. (2018). Highly-visual social media and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: The mediating role of body image concerns. Computers in Human Behavior, 82, 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.003
Merino, M., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Rubio-Zarapuz, A., Villanueva-Tobaldo, C. V., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2024). Body perceptions and psychological well-being: A review of the impact of social media and physical measurements on self-esteem and mental health. Healthcare, 12(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141396
Merita, Hamzah, H., & Djayusmantoko. (2020). Persepsi citra tubuh, kecenderungan gangguan makan, dan status gizi pada remaja putri di Kota Jambi. Journal of Nutrition College, 9, 81-86.
Miladiya, H., & Mukhlida, F. (2024). Pengaruh self-compassion pada body image: Systematic review. Jurnal Kesehatan (JKS), 7(3). https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v7i3.4676
Mountford, V. A., & Koskina, A. (2015). Body image. Dalam Encyclopedia of Feeding and Eating Disorders (hlm. 1-5). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-087-2_74-1
Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.
Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-compassion: The proven power of being kind to yourself. William Morrow.
Nurhaliza, S. (2025, 10 Januari). Spornosexual: Tren bentuk tubuh pria di 2025, Tom Holland hingga Jungkook. Wolipop – Detik.com.
Philips, J. M., & Drummond, M. J. (2001). An investigation into the body image perception, body satisfaction and exercise expectations of male fitness leaders. Leisure Studies, 20(2), 95-105.
Piatkowski, T. M., Neumann, D. L., Seekis, V., & Dunn, M. (2024). Understanding muscularity, physique anxiety, and the experience of body image enhancement among men and women. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 34(3), e2800.
Putra, D. A. (2024, 30 April). Aku pria masa kini yang terawat dan dandy. Kompas.id.
Putri & Indryawati. (2019). Dikutip dalam Qudsyi, H. (2024). Self-compassion and body image in Generation Z.
Qudsyi, H. (2024). Self-compassion and body image in Generation Z. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383089294
SmartScraper. (2025, 15 Oktober). List of gyms in Indonesia. https://rentechdigital.com/smartscraper/business-report-details/list-of-gyms-in-indonesia
Setiyoningrum, S., & Larasati, B. S. (2025). Hubungan antara self compassion dengan body image pada remaja pengguna media sosial di SMK X.
Stapleton, P., McIntyre, T., & Bannatyne, A. (2016). Body image avoidance, body dissatisfaction, and eating pathology: Is there a difference between male gym users and non-gym users? American Journal of Men’s Health, 10(2), 100-109.
Statista. (2025, 26 November). Attitudes towards fitness among gym clients in the U.S. in 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/639140/gym-customer-attitudes-in-us/
Suprapto, M. H., Sari, M. P., & Nurcahyo, F. A. (2015). Differences in men’s body dissatisfaction based on the type of exercise motivation. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 31(1), 22-29.
Tempo.co. (2024, 19 Juni). Kesadaran pria dalam perawatan diri terus berkembang. Tempo.co.
Theodora, A. (2024, 3 November). Tren "Mendadak Atlet" dan Tumbuhnya Ekonomi Kebugaran. Kompas.id.
Thomas, D. M., Martin, C. K., Redman, L. M., Heymsfield, S. B., Lettieri, S., Levine, J. A., & Schoeller, D. A. (2014). Effect of dietary adherence on the body weight plateau. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100(3), 787-795.
Wood-Barcalow, N. L., Tylka, T. L., & Augustus-Horvath, C. L. (2010). "But I like my body": Positive body image characteristics and a holistic model for young-adult women. Body Image, 7(2), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.01.001
Yonatan, A. (2025, 23 Agustus). Konten olahraga jadi berita favorit di internet 2025. GoodStats Data.
