Hubungan Kecemasan Perubahan Iklim dan Perilaku Pro-Lingkungan pada Mahasiswa di Bandung
Abstract
Abstract. Climate change is a global issue that not only impacts the environment, but also the psychological aspects of individuals, one of which is through climate change anxiety. Although associated with psychological distress, this anxiety is also related to pro-environmental behavior. This study aims to examine the relationship between climate change anxiety and pro-environmental behavior among university students whose majors are relevant to the environment in Bandung. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research sample consisted of 134 respondents obtained using the convenience sampling technique. The instruments used in this study were the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (CCAS) developed by Clayton and Karazsia (2020) and adapted into Indonesian by Suciana (2024), as well as the General Ecological Behavior Scale (GEB) developed by Kaiser (1998) and modified by Bronfman et al. (2015), which was also adapted into Indonesian by Arlinkasari et al. (2018). The results of this study indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between climate change anxiety and pro-environmental behavior, with a significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and a correlation coefficient of 0.588. This finding implies that the higher an individual's climate change anxiety, the higher their tendency to engage in pro-environmental behavior.
Abstrak. Perubahan iklim merupakan isu global yang tidak hanya berdampak pada lingkungan, tetapi juga pada aspek psikologis individu, salah satunya melalui kecemasan perubahan iklim. Meskipun terkait dengan tekanan psikologis, kekhawatiran seperti ini juga terkait dengan perilaku pro-lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kecemasan perubahan iklim dan perilaku pro-lingkungan pada mahasiswa yang jurusannya relevan dengan lingkungan di Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 134 responden yang didapatkan melalui teknik convenience sampling. Instrumen penelitian meliputi Climate Change Anxiety Scale (CCAS) yang dikembangkan oleh Clayton dan Karazsia (2020) dan telah diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Suciana (2024), serta skala General Ecological Behavior Scale (GEB) yang dikembangkan oleh Kaiser (1998) dan dimodifikasi oleh Bronfman et al. (2015) juga telah diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Arlinkasari et al. (2018). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara kecemasan perubahan iklim dan perilaku pro-lingkungan dengan signifikansi sebesar 0.000 (p< 0.05) dan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0.588. Artinya, semakin tinggi kecemasan perubahan iklim yang dimiliki individu, maka semakin tinggi pula kecenderungan individu tersebut untuk melakukan perilaku pro-lingkungan.
References
Ágoston, C., Urbán, R., Nagy, B., Csaba, B., Kőváry, Z., Kovács, K., Varga, A., Dúll, A., Mónus, F., Shaw, C. A., & Demetrovics, Z. (2022). The psychological consequences of the ecological crisis: Three new questionnaires to assess eco-anxiety, eco-guilt, and ecological grief. Climate Risk Management, 37, 100441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. crm.2022.100441
American Psychological Association. (2020). Majority of US Adults Believe Climate Change Is Most Important Issue Today. Diambil 5 Juni 2024, dari https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2020/02/climate-change
Antarissubhi, H., Serang, R., Leda, J., Salamena, G. E., Pagoray, G.L., Gusty, S., Rachman, R. M., & Safar, A. (2023). Krisis Iklim Global di Indonesia "Dampak dan Tantangan". Tohar Media.
Arlinkasari, F., Caninsti, R., & Prasetya, M. A. (2018). Peran awareness of consequences terhadap perilaku pro-lingkungan pada warga Jakarta. Jurnal Psikologi Sains dan Profesi, 2(3), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.24198/jps p.v2i3.21600
Barlow, D. H. (2002). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.
Bronfman, N. C., Cisternas, P. C., López-Vázquez, E., De la Maza, C., & Oyanedel, J. C. (2015). Understanding attitudes and pro-environmental behaviors in a Chilean community. Sustainability, 7(10), 14133–14152. https://doi.org/10. 3390/su71014133
Clayton, S., & Manning, C. (2018). Psychology and climate change: Human perceptions, impacts, and responses. Elsevier Academic Press.
Clayton, S., & Karazsia, B. T. (2020). Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 69, 101434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434
Daeninck, C., Kioupi, V., & Vercammen, A. (2023). Climate anxiety, coping strategies and planning for the future in environmental degree students in the UK. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1126031. https://doi.org/10.3389 /fpsyg. 2023.1126031
Dodds, J. (2021). The psychology of climate anxiety. BJPsych Bulletin, 45(4), 222–226. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2021.18
Ernyasih, E., Fajrini, F., Herdiansyah, D., Aulia, L., Andriyani, A., Lusida, N., & Fauziah, M. (2023). Analisis perubahan iklim dan kesehatan mental pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta. Environmental Occupational Health and Safety Journal, 3(2).
European Commission. (2023). INFORM Risk. DRMKC - INFORM. Diambil 11 Januari 2025, dari https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Risk
Hajek, A., & König, H.-H. (2023). Climate anxiety and mental health in Germany. Climate, 11(8), Article 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11080158
Heeren, A., Mouguiama-Daouda, C., & Contreras, A. (2022). On climate anxiety and the threat it may pose to daily life functioning and adaptation: A study among European and African French‐speaking participants. Climatic Change, 173(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-022-03402-2
Hickman, C., Marks, E., Pihkala, P., Clayton, S., Lewandowski, R. E., Mayall, E. E., Wray, B., Mellor, C., & van Susteren, L. (2021). Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: A global survey. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(12), e863-e873. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00278-3
Hrabok, M., Delorme, A., & Agyapong, V. I. (2020). Threats to mental health and well-being associated with climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 76, 102295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102295
Jaro'ah, S., Ardelia, V., Nurchayati, & Jannah, M. (2023). Climate is more than just weather: Gap of knowledge about climate change and its psychological impacts among Indonesian youth. Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues, 4(2), 160–170. https://doi.org/10.47540/ijsei .v4i2.1001
Kelly, A. (2017). Eco-anxiety at university: Student experiences and academic perspectives on cultivating healthy emotional responses to the climate crisis [Independent Study Project]. University of Colorado at Boulder.
Kurth, C. (2018). The anxious mind: An investigation into the varieties and virtues of anxiety. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11168.001.0001
Kusuma, K., Wilopo, W., Amiruddin, M., Marta, D. J., Bakti, D. C., Raid, F., Argo, H. J. W., & Haryadi, H. (2024). Bencana dan risiko perubahan iklim. Indonesia Emas Group.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing.
Ogunbode, C. A., Doran, R., Hanss, D., Ojala, M., Salmela-Aro, K., van den Broek, K. L., Bhullar, N., Aquino, S. D., Marot, T., Schermer, J. A., Wlodarczyk, A., Lu, S., Jiang, F., Maran, D. A., Yadav, R., Ardi, R., Chegeni, R., Ghanbarian, E., Zand, S., ... Karasu, M. (2022). Climate anxiety, wellbeing and pro-environmental action: correlates of negative emotional responses to climate change in 32 countries. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 84, 101887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101887.
Ojala, M. (2013). Coping with Climate Change among Adolescents: Implications for Subjective Well-Being and Environmental Engagement. Sustainability, 5(5), 2191–2209. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5052191
Ojala, M., Cunsolo, A., Ogunbode, C. A., & Middleton, J. (2021). Anxiety, worry, and grief in a time of environmental and climate crisis: A narrative review. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 46, 35-58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-022716
Pavani, J.-B., Nicolas, L., & Bonetto, E. (2023). Eco-anxiety motivates pro-environmental behaviors: A two-wave longitudinal study. Motivation and Emotion, 47(6), 1062–1074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-023-10038-x
Pihkala, P. (2019). Climate Anxiety. Helsinki: MIELI Mental Health Finland.
Pihkala, P. (2020). Anxiety and the ecological crisis: An analysis of eco-anxiety and climate anxiety. Sustainability, 12(19), 7836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su12197836
Schultz, P. W., & Kaiser, F. G. (2012). Promoting pro-environmental behavior. In S. D. Clayton (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of environmental and conservation psychology (pp. 556–580). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733026.013.0029
Suciana, F., & Yanuvianti, M. (2024). Gambaran kecemasan perubahan iklim pada mahasiswa di Kota Bandung. Bandung Conference Series: Psychology Science, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v4i1.10050
Tam, K.-P., Chan, H.-W., & Clayton, S. (2023). Climate change anxiety in China, India, Japan, and the United States. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 86, 101887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.101887
The World Bank Group & Asian Development Bank. (2021). Climate risk country profile: Indonesia. Diambil 11 Januari 2025, dari https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/700411/climate-risk-country-profile-indonesia.pdf
Umami, A., Sukmana, H., Wikurendra, E. A., & Paulik, E. (2022). A review on water management issues: potential and challenges in Indonesia. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 8(3), 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00648-7
United Nations Development Programme. (2024). The world’s largest survey on climate change is out – here's what the results show. Diambil 11 Januari 2025, dari https://climatepromise-undp-org.translate.goog/news-and-stories/worlds-largest-survey-climate-change-out-heres-what-results-show?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=tc
Verplanken, B., Marks, E., & Dobromir, A. I. (2020). On the nature of eco-anxiety: How constructive or unconstructive is habitual worry about global warming? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 72, 101528. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101528
Whitmarsh, L., Player, L., Jiongco, A., James, M., Williams, M., Marks, E., & Kennedy-Williams, P. (2022). Climate anxiety: What predicts it and how is it related to climate action? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 83, 101866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101866
Wu, J., Snell, G., & Samji, H. (2020). Climate anxiety in young people: a call to action. The Lancet Planetary Health, 4(10), e435–e436. https://doi.org/10 .1016/S2542-5196(20)30223-0
Yusuf, A. A., & Francisco, H. A. (2009). Climate change vulnerability mapping for Southeast Asia. Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/7865_12324196651MappingReport1.pdf
