Hubungan antara Kesejahteraan Materi dan Pengucilan Sosial dengan Kesejahteraan Subjektif
Abstract
Abstract. Economic conditions are one of the most important factors that impact on the level of life satisfaction of people in Indonesia. Material well-being and social exclusion are efforts to be able to describe economic conditions in children, this has almost never been studied from the perspective of adolescents. The study aimed to determine the relationship between material well-being and social exclusion with subjective well-being in junior high school students in Bandung City. This study used a cross-sectional survey method with stratified cluster random sampling technique. The study sample consisted of 764 junior high school students aged 12-16 years (female 50.7%; male 49.3%). Data were collected offline using Google Form and paper questionnaires. Material well-being was measured using Measurement Resources States (MRS) and family economic status, social exclusion was measured by Social Exclusion Measurement. Subjective well-being was measured using the Children's Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale 5 items (CW-SWBS5). Data analysis used multiple linear regression to determine variable relationships. Descriptive ANOVA statistics were used to compare means and cross-tabs. The results showed that material well-being and social exclusion had a significant relationship with a coefficient of determination of 38.2% on the subjective well-being of junior high school students in Bandung City. Social exclusion (β=.527; p=.000) showed a greater contribution to subjective well-being than material well-being (MRS: β=.153; p=.000). Therefore, it is important for the government to consider various aspects in formulating policies to improve adolescents' subjective well-being. In addition, collaboration between parents and schools is needed to create a positive environment, pay attention to material well-being, and prevent social exclusion.
Abstrak. Kondisi ekonomi merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang berdampak pada tingkat kepuasan hidup orang di Indonesia. Kesejahteraan materi dan pengucilan sosial merupakan upaya untuk dapat menggambarkan kondisi ekonomi pada anak, hal ini hampir belum pernah diteliti dari sudut pandang remaja. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kesejahteraan materi dan pengucilan sosial dengan kesejahteraan subjektif pada siswa SMP di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional survey dengan teknik stratified cluster random sampling. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 764 siswa SMP berusia 12 – 16 tahun (perempuan 50.7%; laki-laki 49.3%). Data diambil secara luring dengan Google Form dan kertas kuisioner. Kesejahteraan materi diukur menggunakan Measurement Resources States (MRS) dan status ekonomi keluarga, pengucilan sosial diukur dengan Social Exclusion Measurement. Kesejahteraan subjektif diukur menggunakan Children's Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale 5 items (CW-SWBS5). Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel. Statistika deskriptif ANOVA digunakan untuk melakukan uji compare means dan cross-tab. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesejahteraan materi dan pengucilan sosial memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan nilai koefisien determinasi 38.2% terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif siswa SMP di Kota Bandung. Pengucilan sosial (β=.527; p=.000) menunjukkan kontribusi lebih besar terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif daripada kesejahrteraan materi (MRS: β=.153; p=.000). Oleh karena itu, penting bagi pemerintah untuk mempertimbangkan berbagai aspek dalam merumuskan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan subjektif remaja. Selain itu, kolaborasi antara orang tua dan sekolah sangat dibutuhkan untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang positif, memperhatikan kesejahteraan materi, serta mencegah terjadinya pengucilan sosial.
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