Artificial Intelligence dalam Transformasi Pelayanan Publik Menuju SDGs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcspr.v6i2.24061Keywords:
Kecerdasan Buatan, Transformasi Pelayanan Publik, Sustainable Development GoalsAbstract
Abstract. Public service transformation is a decisive lever for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly become a central instrument in this transformation. This study employs a qualitative literature review to examine how AI reshapes public service delivery across governance, urban planning, health, education, taxation, and environmental management, and how these applications relate to specific SDG targets. The synthesis indicates that AI contributes to SDG achievement mainly through three pathways: strengthening administrative efficiency and citizen-centred service delivery, enabling data-driven policymaking and cross-agency collaboration, and supporting predictive and preventive interventions in health, environmental, and economic domains. Adoption, however, remains constrained by gaps in institutional readiness, weak data governance, algorithmic and systemic risk, and disparities between and within countries. The study proposes an Integrative AI-Enabled Public Service Transformation Model that links technological readiness, institutional governance, and human-capital development as prerequisites for sustainable and inclusive AI-driven public services.
Abstrak. Transformasi pelayanan publik merupakan pengungkit strategis bagi pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), dan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) semakin menjadi instrumen sentral dalam transformasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka kualitatif untuk menganalisis bagaimana AI mengubah penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik di bidang tata kelola pemerintahan, perencanaan kota, kesehatan, pendidikan, perpajakan, dan pengelolaan lingkungan, serta keterkaitannya dengan target-target SDGs. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa AI berkontribusi terhadap pencapaian SDGs melalui tiga jalur utama: penguatan efisiensi administratif dan pelayanan berorientasi warga, kebijakan berbasis data dan kolaborasi lintas lembaga, serta intervensi prediktif dan preventif di bidang kesehatan, lingkungan, dan ekonomi. Namun demikian, adopsi AI masih dibatasi oleh kesenjangan kesiapan kelembagaan, lemahnya tata kelola data, risiko algoritmik dan sistemik, serta disparitas antarnegara maupun antarwilayah. Penelitian ini mengusulkan Model Transformasi Pelayanan Publik Berbasis AI yang Integratif, yang mengaitkan kesiapan teknologi, tata kelola kelembagaan, dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia sebagai prasyarat pelayanan publik berbasis AI yang berkelanjutan dan inklusif.
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