Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi Daun Cincau Hijau Rambat (Cyclea barbata Miers) Terhadap Larva Artemia fransiscana Kellogg dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v3i2.9533Keywords:
Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers), cytotoxity test, Cincau hijau rambat (Cyclea barbata Miers), uji sitotoksik, Artemia fransiscana Kellogg, brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT)Abstract
Abstrak: Kanker merupakan penyakit karena adanya pertumbuhan sel-sel abnormal yang dapat disebabkan karena pola hidup, genetik, dan lingkungan. Salah satu pengobatan kanker yaitu kemoterapi, namun efek samping yang terjadi masih menjadi kekhawatiran karena dapat menyerang sel-sel normal. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian obat antikanker yang berasal dari tanaman. Daun cincau hijau rambat (Cyclea barbata Miers) diketahui mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antikanker. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui karakteristik daun cincau hijau rambat dari parameter standar dan skrining fitokimia serta mengetahui aktivitas sitotoksik dari ekstrak dan fraksinya (air, etil asetat, dan n-heksana). Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengamati aktivitas sitotoksik menggunakan metode Brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) terhadap larva Artemia fransiscana Kellogg. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa nilai LC50 berdasarkan analisis probit. Daun cincau hijau rambat menunjukkan adanya aktivitas sitotoksik dengan perolehan nilai LC50 ekstrak, fraksi air, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi n-heksan berturut-turut yaitu 292,898 ppm ; 372,296 ppm ; 392,556 ppm ; dan 613,835 ppm yang mana masing-masing ekstrak dan fraksi telah masuk kedalam kriteria toksik. Dengan demikian daun cincau hijau rambat memiliki potensi dan dapat diteliti lebih lanjut sebagai antikanker.
Abstract: Cancer is a disease caused by the growth of abnormal cells that can be caused by lifestyle, genetics, and the environment. One of the treatments for cancer is chemotherapy, but the side effects that occur are still a concern because they can attack normal cells. Therefore, research was conducted on anticancer drugs derived from plants. The leaves of green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers) are known to contain alkaloid and flavonoid compounds that have anticancer activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of green grass jelly leaves from standard parameters and phytochemical screening and to determine the cytotoxic activity of extracts and their fractions (water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane). The test was conducted by observing the cytotoxic activity using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) against Artemia fransiscana Kellogg. larvae. The results obtained were LC50 values based on probit analysis. Green grass jelly leaves showed cytotoxic activity with the acquisition of LC50 values of extracts, water fractions, ethyl acetate fractions, and n-hexane fractions respectively 292.898 ppm; 372.296 ppm; 392.556 ppm; and 613.835 ppm which each extract and fraction has entered into toxic criteria. Thus, green grass jelly leaves have potential and can be further studied as anticancer.
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