UJI AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI KULIT BUAH APEL MERAH (MALUS DOMESTICA (SUCKOW) BORKH.) TIPE RED DELICIOUS TERHADAP ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA KELLOGG DENGAN UJI BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v3i2.9143Keywords:
Uji sitotoksik, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Malus domestica, Lethal concentration 50 (LC50)Abstract
Abstract. Red apple skin contains flavonoid compounds that have anticancer potential. The plant is utilised as an anticancer drug. Red apple peel (Malus domestica (suckow) Borkh.) is thought to contain secondary metabolite compounds that can kill larvae and have cytotoxic activity. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the characteristics of red apple peel and testing the cytotoxic activity of extracts and fractions of red apple peel (Malus domestica (suckow) Borkh.) in vitro using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The cytotoxic effect of each extract and fraction was identified against the percent mortality of Artemia franciscana Kellog larvae using testing concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm with the parameter of Lethal concentration 50 (LC50). The LC50 value of the extract was 71.614 ppm, the n-hexane fraction was 102.802 ppm, the ethyl acetate fraction was 127.350 ppm, and the water fraction was 143.879 ppm. The acquisition of the LC50 value in the four samples is included in the toxic range of less than 1000 ppm, where the acquisition of the LC50 value in the extract is more toxic than the fraction, with an LC50 value of 71.614 ppm. Due to the extract, there is a more synergistic combination of secondary metabolites.
Abstrak. Kulit apel merah mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Tumbuhan tersebut dimanfaatkan sebagai obat antikanker. Kulit buah apel merah (Malus domestica (suckow) Borkh.) diduga mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang dapat membunuh larva dan memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui karakteristik kulit buah apel merah serta menguji aktivitas sitotoksik dari ekstrak dan fraksi kulit buah apel merah (Malus domestica (suckow) Borkh.) secara in vitro menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Efek sitotoksik dari masing-masing ekstrak dan fraksi diidentifikasi terhadap persen kematian larva Artemia franciscana Kellog menggunakan konsentrasi pengujian 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750 dan 1000 ppm dengan parameter nilai Lethal concentration 50 (LC50). Diperoleh nilai LC50 pada ekstrak sebesar 71,614 ppm, fraksi n-heksan 102,802 ppm, fraksi etil asetat sebesar 127,350 ppm sedangkan pada fraksi air sebesar 143,879 ppm. Perolehan nilai LC50 pada keempat sampel tersebut termasuk kedalam rentang toksik yaitu kurang dari 1000ppm dimana, perolehan nilai LC50 pada ekstrak lebih toksik dibandingkan fraksi, dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 71,614 ppm. Dikarenakan pada ekstrak terdapat kombinasi yang lebih sinergis antar metabolit sekunder.
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