STUDI LITERATUR AKTIVITAS DARI EKSTRAK UMBI BIT MERAH (Beta vulgaris L.) SEBAGAI PENANGANAN TERHADAP BEBERAPA PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR
Abstract
Abstract. Non-communicable diseases are a health problem in Indonesia that significantly increased. Red beetroot extract (Beta vulgaris L.) has benefits in several non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this literature study is to collect information and analyze the results of research on red beet tuber extract from pharmacological activity, content and mechanism of action of active compounds that can be used as a treatment for several non-communicable diseases. The method of this Systematic Literature Review (SLR) where the literature search for research articles comes from National and International Journals and then analyzed based on inclusion and exclusion provisions. The results of the literature study showed that red beet root extract has activity in several non-communicable diseases such as cancer based on a decrease in the percentage (%) of cell viability, alzheimer's disease based on a decrease and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, acute renal failure disease based on a decrease in urea and creatinine levels, and gout disease based on the percentage (%) inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. The content and mechanism of action of active compounds that play a role in red beetroot extract are flavonoid compounds with a mechanism of action that can induce apoptosis, modulate AChE activity, and prevent XO activity. In addition, a typical compound contained in red beet tubers is betanin, which can inhibit cell growth by preventing cancer cell proliferation. Betasianin compounds can activate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Betalain compounds can prevent lipid peroxidation, protect the kidney from nephrotoxic effects, and can inhibit XO activity.
Abstrak. Penyakit tidak menular menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia yang terus mengalami peningkatan. Ekstrak umbi bit merah (Beta vulgaris L.) memiliki manfaat pada beberapa penyakit tidak menular. Tujuan dari studi literatur ini untuk mengumpulkan informasi dan menganalisis hasil penelitian mengenai ekstrak umbi bit merah dari aktivitas farmakologi, kandungan dan mekanisme kerja senyawa aktif yang dapat digunakan sebagai penanganan terhadap beberapa penyakit tidak menular. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dimana pencarian literatur artikel penelitian berasal dari Jurnal Nasional dan Internasional kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan ketentuan inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil dari studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak umbi bit merah memiliki aktivitas di beberapa penyakit tidak menular seperti penyakit kanker berdasarkan penurunan persentase (%) viabilitas sel, penyakit alzheimer berdasarkan penurunan dan penghambatan aktivitas asetilkolinesterase (AChE), penyakit gagal ginjal akut berdasarkan penurunan kadar urea dan kreatinin, serta penyakit gout berdasarkan persentase (%) penghambatan aktivitas xanthine oxidase (XO). Kandungan dan mekanisme kerja senyawa aktif yang berperan pada ekstrak umbi bit merah adalah golongan senyawa flavonoid dengan mekanisme kerja dapat menginduksi apoptosis, memodulasi aktivitas AChE, dan mencegah aktivitas XO. Selain itu, senyawa khas yang terkandung di dalam umbi bit merah adalah betanin dapat menghambat pertumbuhan sel dengan mencegah proliferasi sel kanker. Senyawa betasianin dapat mengaktifkan jalur apoptosis ekstrinsik. Senyawa betalain dapat mencegah peroksidasi lipid, melindungi ginjal dari efek nefrotoksik, dan dapat menghambat aktivitas XO.
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