Studi Literatur Aktivitas Larvasida Tumbuhan Genus Syzygium Terhadap Beberapa Genus Nyamuk Vektor Penyakit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v3i2.8791Keywords:
Larvasida, Syzygium, Nyamuk, Systematic Literatur Review (SLR)Abstract
Nyamuk merupakan salah satu vektor penyakit. Pengendalian perkembangan nyamuk salah satunya dilakukan secara kimiawi menggunakan insektisida. Namun pengendalian secara kimiawi telah banyak dilaporkan menyebabkan resisten terhadap nyamuk dikarenakan bahan kimia tidak mudah terdegradasi dan memberikan dampak negatif pada lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah dengan digunakannya larvasida alami. Seperti pada tumbuhan genus Syzygium mengandung beberapa metabolit sekunder yang dapat berperan sebagai larvasida alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi tumbuhan genus Syzygium sebagai larvasida, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi potensi tersebut, golongan senyawa yang berperan, dan mekanisme kerjanya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Didapatkan hasil sebanyak 7 tumbuhan dari genus Syzygium yang diteliti aktivitasnya dan berpotensi efektif sebagai larvasida. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi potensi aktivitas larvasida seperti bagian dan usia tanaman yang digunakan, kandungan fitokimia, lama waktu paparan pengujian, dan bentuk sediaan uji.
Mosquitoes are one of the vectors, controlling the development of mosquitoes is carried out chemically using insecticides. However, chemical control has been widely reported to cause resistance to mosquitoes because chemicals are not easily degraded and have a negative impact on the environment. One alternative to overcome this is the use of natural larvicides. As in plants of the genus Syzygium, they contain several secondary metabolites that can act as natural larvicides. This study aims to determine the potential of plants of the genus Syzygium as larvicides, the factors that influence this potential, the class of compounds that play a role, and their mechanism of action. The research method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The results obtained were 7 plants from the genus Syzygium which were investigated for their activity and had the potential to be effective as larvicides. There are several factors that influence the potential for larvicidal activity such as the part and age of the plant used, the phytochemical content, the length of exposure time for the test, and the form of the test dosage form.
References
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[12] B. N. P. Francine, Tankeu Nzufo Cabral, P. C. Anatole, M. M. Bruno, N. Pauline, and N. Y. Jeanne, “Larvicidal Activities of Hydro-Ethanolic Extracts of Three Cameroonian Medicinal Plants Against Aedes albopictus,” Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., pp. 1–6, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.09.004.
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[19] G. Benelli, M. Rajeswary, and M. Govindarajan, “Towards Green Oviposition Deterrents? Effectiveness of Syzygium lanceolatum (Myrtaceae) Essential Oil Against Six Mosquito Vectors and Impact on Four Aquatic Biological Control Agents,” Env. Sci Pollut Res, 2016, doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-8146-3.
[20] M. Govindarajan and G. Benelli, “α-Humulene and β-elemene from Syzygium zeylanicum (Myrtaceae) Essential Oil: Highly Effective and Eco-Friendly Larvicides Against Anopheles subpictus, Aedes albopictus, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae),” Parasitol Res, 2016, doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-5025-2.
[21] V. Rohmayani, A. R. R. Arimurti, and R. R. Samsudin, “The Potency of Water Leaves Extract of Bay (Syzygium polyanthum) and Papaya (Carica Papaya) as Larvacides to Filaria Vector Culex queinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae),” Bioma, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 135–141, 2022, doi: 10.26877/bioma.v11i2.10587.
[22] N. Abutaha, F. A. Al-Mekhlafi, M. S. Al-Khalifa, and M. A. Wadaan, “Larvicidal Activity and Histopathological Changes of Cinnamomum burmannii, Syzygium aromaticum Extracts and Their Combination on Culex pipiens,” Saudi J. Biol. Sci., vol. 29, pp. 2591–2596, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.035.
[23] E. G. E. El Gohary, S. M. Farag, A. A. El-Sayed, R. R. Khattab, and D. M. Mahmoud, “Insecticidal Activity and Biochemical Study of the Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) Nano- Formulation on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae),” Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 227–239, 2021.
[24] S. A. Ochoa et al., “Oviposition Deterrent and Larvicidal and Pupaecidal Activity of Seven Essential Oils and their Major Components Against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae): Synergism–Antagonism Effects,” Insects, vol. 9, no. 25, pp. 2–17, 2018.
[25] H. E.-D. M. Zahran, H. K. Abou-Taleb, and S. A. M. Abdelgaleil, “Adulticidal, Larvicidal and Biochemical Properties of Essential Oils Against Culex pipiens L,” J. Asia. Pac. Entomol., vol. 20, pp. 133–139, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.aspen.2016.12.006.
[26] H. A. Mahran, “Using Nanoemulsions of the Essential Oils of a Selection of Medicinal Plants from Jazan, Saudi Arabia, as a Green Larvicidal Against Culex pipiens,” PLoS One, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 1–14, 2022, doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0267150.
[27] M. Osanloo, M. M. Sedaghat, F. Esmaeili, and A. Amani, “Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oil of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) in Com_parison with Its Major Constituent, Eugenol, against Anopheles stephens,” J Arthropod-Borne Dis, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 361–369, 2018.
[28] H. Li, R. Tsao, and Z. Deng, “Factors Affecting the Antioxidant Potential and Health Benefits of Plant Foods,” Can. J. Plant Sci., vol. 92, pp. 1101–1111, 2012.
[29] I. Nainggolan, Indriyani, and Yernisa, “Pengaruh Tingkat Kematangan Buah Terhadap Kandungan Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak N-Heksan Kernel Biji Teh,” in Seminar Nasional Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi, 2018, p. 354=367.
[30] C. B. Putra, Ngadino, and Setiawan, “Potensi Filtrat Daun Salam Sebagai Bioinsektisida Lalat Rumah dengan Metode Efikasi Aerosol,” J. Penelit. Kesehat. Suara Forikes, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 865–869, 2022, doi: 10.33846/sf13356.
[31] Z. Rusli, B. L. Sari, S. Wardatun, and W. Aristyo, “Skrining Toksisitas Akut Beberapa Fraksi Buah Karonda (Carissa carandas L.) Pada Embrio Zebrafish (Danio rerio),” Fitofarmaka J. Ilm. Farm., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 42–53, 2020, doi: 10.33751/jf.v10i1.1923.
[32] A. Giannakas, I. Tsagkalias, D. S. Achilias, and A. Ladavos, “A Novel Method for The Preparation of Inorganic and Organo-modified Montmorillonite Essential Oil Hybrids,” Appl. Clay Sci., vol. 146, pp. 362–370, 2017.
[33] T. P. Ferreira et al., “Prolonged Mosquitocidal Activity of Siparuna guianensis Essential Oil Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticles,” PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1–23, 2019.
[34] W. D. Qinahyu and W. H. Cahyati, “Uji Kemampuan Anti Nyamuk Alami Elektrik Mat Serbuk Bunga Sukun (Artocarpus altilis) di Masyarakat,” J. Care, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 9–20, 2016.
[35] H. Perumalsamy, M. J. Jang, M. Kadarkarai, and Y.-J. Ahn, “Larvicidal Activity and Possible Mode of Action of Four Flavonoids and Two Fatty Acids Identified in Millettia pinnata Seed Toward Three Mosquito Species,” Parasit. Vectors, vol. 8, no. 237, pp. 2–14, 2015, doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0848-8.
[36] E. Cania and E. Setyanimgrum, “Uji Efektivitas Larvasida Ekstrak Daun Legundi (Vitex trifolia) Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti,” Med. J. Lampung Univ., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 52–60, 2013.
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2023-09-02
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