Kajian Potensi Aktivitas Antikanker dari Tanaman Mawar secara In Vitro

Khansa Fitrah Shaliha; Yani Lukmayani; Indra Topik Maulana

doi:10.29313/bcsp.v3i2.8511

Khansa Fitrah Shaliha Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
Yani Lukmayani Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
Indra Topik Maulana Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v3i2.8511

Keywords: Rosa damascena, cancer, anticancer, toxicity test, kanker, antikanker, uji toksisitas

Abstract

Abstract. Rose (Rosa damascena) is a new alternative that can be used as a cancer treatment made from natural materials. Cancer occurs in pathological conditions caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. This Systematic Literature Review aims to know the potential of rose plant (R. damascena) against any type of cancer and the magnitude of the potential that can occur, as well as the compounds in rose plant (R. damascena) that have potential anticancer activity. The method used in this study was the search of libraries through online databases and books. The results of the study showed that R. damascena was able to provide the most effective anti-cancer activity against liver cancer cells (HepG-2) with an IC₅₀ result of 16.28 µg/mL. It is able to provide the most effective anti-cancer activity against colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2) with an IC₅₀ result of 137.8 µg/mL. R. damascena is able to provide the most effective anti-cancer activity against lung cancer cells (A-549) with an IC₅₀ result of 36.43 µg/mL. Inhibition of cancer cell growth from R. damascena can occur due to the presence of secondary metabolites, including phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin groups. The active compounds that have been identified and analyzed as anticancer agents are phenylethanol, β-citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, and methyl eugenol.

Abstrak. Mawar (Rosa damascena) menjadi alternatif baru yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pengobatan kanker dari bahan alam. Kanker terjadi pada kondisi patologis yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan sel abnormal dan tidak terkendali. Systemic Literature Review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi tanaman mawar (R. damascena) terhadap jenis kanker apa saja dan besarnya potensi tersebut dapat terjadi serta senyawa pada tanaman mawar (R. damascena) yang memiliki potensi aktivitas antikanker. Metode yang dilakukan pada kajian ini adalah penelusuran pustaka melalui database online dan buku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petal R. damascena mampu memberikan aktivitas antikanker paling efektif terhadap sel kanker hati (HepG-2) dengan hasil IC₅₀ sebesar 16,28 µg/mL. Bagian kalusnya mampu memberikan aktivitas antikanker paling efektif terhadap sel kanker kolorektal (Caco-2) dengan hasil IC₅₀ sebesar 137,8 µg/mL. Bunga R. damascena mampu memberikan aktivitas antikanker paling efektif terhadap sel kanker paru (A-549) dengan hasil IC₅₀ sebesar 36,43 µg/mL. Penghambatan pertumbuhan sel kanker dari R. damascena dapat terjadi karena adanya kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder, diantaranya golongan fenol, flavonoid, dan antosianin. Senyawa aktif yang telah diketahui dan dianalisis sebagai agen antikanker yaitu fenil etanol, β-sitronelol, geraniol, eugenol, dan metil eugenol.

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