Variasi Kadar Albumin Ikan Gabus (Channa Striata) : Kajian Sistematis Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25697Keywords:
Snakehead fish, Channa striata, Protein extraction, Albumin, Systematic reviewAbstract
Abstract. Snakehead fish (Channa striata) has potential as a natural albumin source for medical and nutraceutical purposes; however, reported albumin levels show wide variations. This Systematic Literature Review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines through searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar until July 31, 2026. From 8 articles meeting the inclusion criteria, albumin levels were reported in various units and calculation bases. In studies using percentage units (n=5), albumin levels ranged from 0.73% to 21.09%, while other studies reported in mg/g (107.28 mg/g) and mg/10g (226 mg/10g) with different calculation bases, making these figures not directly comparable. Centrifugation was the most dominant method (five articles) but showed the widest disparities due to differences in pre-centrifugation protocols. Fractionation (Cohn Process) reported the highest level (21.09%), while steaming yielded the lowest (0.73%) due to thermal denaturation. Critical factors affecting albumin levels include solvent type and pH, thermal treatment, determination methods (Biuret, Bradford-BSA, Lowry, Kjeldahl), and the use of BSA standard which may cause bias due to molecular weight differences with snakehead fish albumin. Level variations more reflect methodological differences than technical superiority of a method. Future studies are recommended to report at minimum the type and concentration of solvent, sample-solvent ratio, pH, temperature and duration, centrifugation parameters in ×g units, determination method and standard used, as well as units and calculation basis explicitly.
Abstrak. Ikan gabus (Channa striata) berpotensi sebagai sumber albumin alami untuk keperluan medis dan nutraseutikal, namun kadar albumin yang dilaporkan menunjukkan variasi sangat luas. Systematic Literature Review ini dilakukan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020 melalui pencarian pada PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar hingga 31 Juli 2026. Dari 8 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, kadar albumin dilaporkan dalam berbagai satuan dan basis perhitungan. Pada studi yang menggunakan satuan persen (n=5), kadar albumin berkisar antara 0,73% hingga 21,09%, sementara studi lain melaporkan dalam satuan mg/g (107,28 mg/g) dan mg/10g (226 mg/10g) dengan basis perhitungan yang berbeda-beda, sehingga angka-angka tersebut tidak dapat dibandingkan secara langsung. Metode sentrifugasi paling dominan (lima artikel) namun menunjukkan disparitas terlebar akibat perbedaan protokol pra-sentrifugasi. Fraksinasi (Cohn Process) melaporkan kadar tertinggi (21,09%), sedangkan pengukusan terendah (0,73%) akibat denaturasi termal. Faktor kritis yang memengaruhi kadar albumin meliputi jenis pelarut dan pH, perlakuan termal, metode penetapan kadar (Biuret, Bradford-BSA, Lowry, Kjeldahl), serta penggunaan standar BSA yang berpotensi bias karena perbedaan berat molekul dengan albumin ikan gabus. Variasi kadar lebih mencerminkan perbedaan metodologis daripada keunggulan teknis suatu metode. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan melaporkan secara minimum jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut, rasio sampel-pelarut, pH, suhu dan durasi, parameter sentrifugasi dalam satuan ×g, metode penetapan kadar dan standar yang digunakan, serta satuan dan basis perhitungan secara eksplisit.
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