Isolasi Senyawa Flavonoid Berpotensi sebagai Antioksidan dari Rimpang Renggak (Amomum Dealbatum Roxb.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25687Keywords:
Antioksidan, DPPH, FlavonoidAbstract
Abstract. Excessive free radicals can induce oxidative stress, which contributes to the development of various degenerative diseases. Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) has the potential to serve as a natural source of antioxidants due to its flavonoid content. This study aimed to isolate flavonoids with potential antioxidant activity and to perform the preliminary characterization of the obtained isolate. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol, followed by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) for fractionation. Separation was performed using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and Classical Column Chromatography (CCC). Flavonoids were identified using 5% AlCl₃ as a spray reagent, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using 0.2% DPPH. Purification was conducted by preparative Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), and purity was confirmed using one-dimensional and two-dimensional TLC analyses. The results showed that the crude extract yield was 10.59%. The ethyl acetate fraction produced the highest yield (31.98%) and demonstrated the presence of flavonoids as well as an tioxidant activity. The isolated compound exhibited an Rf value of 0.50 using a chloroform–methanol (16:1) mobile phase and gave positive reactions with both 5% AlCl₃ and 0.2% DPPH spray reagents. UV–Visible spectrophotometric characterization revealed maximum absorption wavelengths at 337 nm (Band I) and 276 nm (Band II). These findings indicate that the isolate belongs to the flavonoid class and possesses antioxidant activity.
Abstrak. Radikal bebas yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang berkontribusi terhadap berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Tanaman renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) berpotensi menjadi sumber antioksidan alami karena mengandung flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan serta melakukan karakterisasi awal terhadap isolat yang diperoleh. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, fraksinasi dilakukan dengan ekstraksi cair-cair (ECC). Kromatografi Cair Vakum (KCV), Kromatografi Kolom Klasik (KKK). Identifikasi flavonoid menggunakan penampak bercak AlCl₃ 5%, dan uji aktivitas antioksdian dengan DPPH 0,2%,. Pemurnian dilakukan dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) preparatif. Uji kemurnian dilakukan dengan KLT pengembangan tunggal dan dua dimensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen ekstrak sebesar 10,59%. Hasill ECC Fraksi etil asetat memberikan rendemen terbesar yaitu 31,98%, serta menunjukkan adanya flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan. Isolat yang diperoleh memiliki nilai Rf 0,5 dengan fase gerak kloroform-metanol (16:1). Bereaksi positif dengan penampak bercak AlCl₃ 5% dan DPPH 0,2%. Karakterisasi dengan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukkan isolat memiliki panjang gelombang maksimum 337 nm (pita I) dan 276 nm (pita II). Isolat merupakan golongan flavonoid yang aktif antioksidan.
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