Profil Simplisia dan Ekstrak Kulit Nanas dari Daerah Subang dengan Metode Maserasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25582Keywords:
Nanas, Kulit nanas, EkstraksiAbstract
Abstract. Pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.) is an agricultural waste product containing various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and polyphenols as well as the enzyme bromelain, all of which have potential as raw materials for traditional medicines. This study aimed to obtain a profile of pineapple peel extract from the Subang region using the maceration method. Pineapple peel simplisia (dried raw material) was extracted with ethanol, followed by extract characterization involving organoleptic assessment, specific gravity determination, and phytochemical screening. The characterization results indicated that the extract met physical quality standards and contained secondary metabolites specifically flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and polyphenols capable of providing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities. The maceration method was selected for its ability to preserve the stability of thermolabile compounds and yield an extract with a high content of active compounds. Based on these findings, pineapple peel extract holds potential for further development as a raw material for pharmaceutical preparations or natural-based health products.
Abstrak. Kulit nanas (Ananas comosus L.) merupakan limbah pertanian yang masih mengandung berbagai senyawa metabolit sekunder, seperti flavonoid, saponin, tanin, polifenol, serta enzim bromelin yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh profil ekstrak kulit nanas yang berasal dari daerah Subang melalui metode maserasi. Simplisia kulit nanas diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol, kemudian dilakukan karakterisasi ekstrak meliputi pengamatan organoleptik, penetapan bobot jenis, dan skrining fitokimia. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak memiliki karakteristik fisik yang memenuhi persyaratan serta mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan polifenol yang berpotensi memberikan aktivitas antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan penyembuhan luka. Metode maserasi dipilih karena mampu mempertahankan kestabilan senyawa yang bersifat termolabil serta menghasilkan ekstrak dengan kandungan senyawa aktif yang baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak kulit nanas memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai bahan baku sediaan farmasi maupun produk kesehatan berbasis bahan alam.
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