Metode Ekstraksi dan Sifat Fungsional Kolagen Berbasis Ikan: Kajian Sistematis Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25276Keywords:
Kolagen ikan, Metode ekstraksi, Pepsin-soluble collagen, Sifat fungsional, Kajian sistematisAbstract
Abstract. Fish collagen has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to mammalian collagen because of its high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, halal acceptability, and abundant availability from fish processing by-products. This study systematically reviewed the extraction methods and functional properties of fish-derived collagen following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, DOAJ, and Google Scholar, with the final search performed on July 31, 2026. Seven primary research articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. The results showed that pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) generally produced higher extraction yields than acid-soluble collagen (ASC) while preserving the triple-helix structure. The extracted collagen exhibited a Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) of 31.13 ± 0.98 g/g, SDS-PAGE profiles with α1, α2, and β bands characteristic of type I collagen, and FTIR spectra showing amide A, B, I, II, and III bands, indicating that the triple-helix structure remained intact after extraction. Overall, fish-derived collagen shows considerable potential for pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, and food applications.
Abstrak. Kolagen ikan semakin banyak dikembangkan sebagai alternatif kolagen mamalia karena memiliki biokompatibilitas tinggi, imunogenisitas rendah, diterima secara halal, serta tersedia melimpah sebagai hasil samping industri perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji secara sistematis metode ekstraksi dan sifat fungsional kolagen berbasis ikan. Kajian disusun mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, DOAJ, dan Google Scholar, dengan penelusuran terakhir pada 31 Juli 2026. Sebanyak tujuh artikel penelitian primer memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) umumnya menghasilkan rendemen lebih tinggi dibandingkan acid-soluble collagen (ASC) tanpa merusak struktur triple heliks. Kolagen yang dihasilkan menunjukkan Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) sebesar 31,13 ± 0,98 g/g, memiliki profil SDS-PAGE dengan pita α1, α2, dan β yang mengindikasikan kolagen tipe I, serta karakteristik FTIR berupa pita amida A, B, I, II, dan III yang menunjukkan struktur triple heliks tetap terpelihara. Secara keseluruhan, kolagen berbasis ikan berpotensi dikembangkan untuk aplikasi di bidang farmasi, biomedis, kosmetik, dan pangan.
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