Penapisan Fitokimia, Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Analisis Profil KLT Ekstrak Kunyit Hitam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25271Keywords:
Curcuma Caesia, Karakterisasi Simplisia, Penapisan FitokimiaAbstract
Abstract. Black turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) rhizome is a medicinal plant with the potential to be developed as a raw material for traditional medicine due to its diverse secondary metabolites. Prior to its utilization, the simplicia must be characterized to ensure its quality and safety. This study aimed to characterize the simplicia, perform phytochemical screening, conduct sequential extraction, and monitor the extracts of black turmeric rhizomes. Simplicia characterization included the determination of moisture content, total ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, water-soluble extractive value, and ethanol-soluble extractive value. Phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively, while sequential extraction was performed using the reflux method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as solvents. The extracts were monitored using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with silica gel GF254 as the stationary phase, chloroform as the mobile phase, and AlCl₃ 5%, FeCl₃ 10%, and H₂SO₄ 10% as spray reagents. The results showed that the black turmeric simplicia met the quality requirements for use as a raw material for traditional medicine. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, monoterpenoids/sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids/steroids, and quinones, while alkaloids were not detected. The methanol extract produced the highest extraction yield (8.6255%), and TLC analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in all extracts. These findings indicate that black turmeric rhizomes have good simplicia quality and considerable potential as a raw material for traditional medicine.
Abstrak. Rimpang kunyit hitam (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) merupakan tanaman obat yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional karena mengandung berbagai senyawa metabolit sekunder. Sebelum dimanfaatkan, simplisia perlu dikarakterisasi untuk menjamin mutu dan keamanannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan karakterisasi simplisia, penapisan fitokimia, ekstraksi bertingkat, dan pemantauan ekstrak rimpang kunyit hitam. Karakterisasi meliputi penetapan kadar air, kadar abu total, kadar abu tidak larut asam, kadar sari larut air, dan kadar sari larut etanol. Penapisan fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif, sedangkan ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode refluks menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Pemantauan ekstrak dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dengan fase diam silika gel GF254, fase gerak kloroform, serta penampak bercak AlCl₃ 5%, FeCl₃ 10%, dan H₂SO₄ 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa simplisia memenuhi parameter mutu sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional. Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan adanya flavonoid, fenol, tanin, saponin, monoterpenoid/seskuiterpenoid, triterpenoid/steroid, dan kuinon, sedangkan alkaloid tidak terdeteksi. Ekstrak metanol memberikan rendemen tertinggi sebesar 8,6255%, dan hasil KLT menunjukkan seluruh ekstrak positif mengandung flavonoid dan fenol. Rimpang kunyit hitam berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional.
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