Studi Literatur Potensi Ekstrak Jahe Merah sebagai Agen Antiinflamasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25204Keywords:
6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, Antiinflamasi, Jahe merahAbstract
Abstract: Inflammation is a physiological response to tissue injury or infection; however, prolonged inflammation contributes to the development of various chronic diseases. Long-term use of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with adverse effects, prompting the exploration of natural products as alternative therapeutic agents. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) is a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds with promising anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of red ginger extract as an anti-inflammatory agent based on its phytochemical constituents, molecular mechanisms, and biological efficacy reported in previous studies. A literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines by searching articles from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. The collected data were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. The findings demonstrated that major bioactive compounds, including 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, paradol, and zingerone, suppress inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, reduce the expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and enhance antioxidant defense through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies indicates that red ginger effectively attenuates inflammatory responses. Therefore, red ginger extract has considerable potential as a phytopharmaceutical candidate for anti-inflammatory therapy, although further extract standardization and clinical studies are required.
Abstrak: Inflamasi merupakan respons fisiologis tubuh terhadap cedera atau infeksi, namun inflamasi yang berlangsung berkepanjangan dapat memicu berbagai penyakit kronis. Penggunaan obat antiinflamasi konvensional dalam jangka panjang diketahui berpotensi menimbulkan efek samping sehingga mendorong pengembangan bahan alam sebagai alternatif terapi. Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) merupakan tanaman obat yang kaya senyawa bioaktif dan berpotensi sebagai agen antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi ekstrak jahe merah sebagai agen antiinflamasi berdasarkan kandungan fitokimia, mekanisme molekuler, serta efektivitasnya berdasarkan berbagai penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan mengacu pada pedoman PRISMA melalui penelusuran artikel dari PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, dan Google Scholar. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode sintesis naratif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa utama jahe merah, seperti 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, paradol, dan zingerone, mampu menghambat jalur NF-κB, MAPK, dan PI3K/Akt, menurunkan ekspresi COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, serta meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan melalui jalur Nrf2/HO-1. Berbagai penelitian in vitro, in vivo, dan uji klinis menunjukkan efektivitas jahe merah dalam menekan respons inflamasi. Dengan demikian, ekstrak jahe merah berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat fitofarmaka antiinflamasi, meskipun masih diperlukan standardisasi ekstrak dan uji klinis lebih lanjut.
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