Uji Kelarutan Tretinoin pada Kandidat Minyak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25179Keywords:
Tretinoin, Uji kelarutan fase minyak, Minyak biji anggurAbstract
Abstract. Describe Tretinoin is a topical retinoid widely used for the treatment of photoaging; however, its poor aqueous solubility and high susceptibility to light-induced degradation require an appropriate drug delivery system. One of the critical factors in nanoemulsion development is the selection of an oil phase with high drug solubilization capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the solubility of tretinoin in five candidate oils, namely grape seed oil, olive oil, argan oil, virgin coconut oil, and soybean oil, in order to determine the most suitable oil phase for nanoemulsion formulation. An experimental laboratory study was conducted using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The maximum absorption wavelength of tretinoin in methanol was determined, followed by the preparation of a calibration curve at concentrations ranging from 2 to 6 µg/mL. Solubility testing was performed by incubating tretinoin in each candidate oil, followed by centrifugation and quantitative analysis of the dissolved drug using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The maximum absorption wavelength of tretinoin was found to be 348.5 nm, while the calibration curve yielded the regression equation y = 0.0798x + 0.3766 with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9455. The highest solubility was observed in grape seed oil (9.656 mg/mL), followed by virgin coconut oil (9.086 mg/mL), olive oil (8.895 mg/mL), soybean oil (6.880 mg/mL), and argan oil (6.154 mg/mL). These findings indicate that grape seed oil is the most suitable candidate oil phase for the development of tretinoin nanoemulsion formulations.
Abstrak. Tretinoin merupakan retinoid topikal yang banyak digunakan dalam terapi photoaging, namun memiliki kelarutan yang rendah dalam air serta mudah mengalami degradasi akibat cahaya sehingga memerlukan sistem penghantaran yang sesuai. Salah satu faktor penting dalam pengembangan formulasi nanoemulsi adalah pemilihan fase minyak yang memiliki kemampuan melarutkan zat aktif secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kelarutan tretinoin pada lima kandidat fase minyak, yaitu minyak biji anggur, minyak zaitun, minyak argan, minyak kelapa murni (virgin coconut oil), dan minyak kedelai, sehingga diperoleh fase minyak yang paling sesuai untuk pengembangan formulasi nanoemulsi. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Penentuan panjang gelombang maksimum dilakukan pada larutan tretinoin dalam metanol, kemudian dibuat kurva kalibrasi pada rentang konsentrasi 2–6 µg/mL. Uji kelarutan dilakukan dengan menginkubasi tretinoin dalam masing-masing kandidat minyak, diikuti proses sentrifugasi dan penetapan kadar tretinoin terlarut menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan panjang gelombang maksimum tretinoin sebesar 348,5 nm dengan persamaan regresi kurva kalibrasi y = 0,0798x + 0,3766 dan koefisien korelasi (R²) sebesar 0,9455. Nilai kelarutan tertinggi diperoleh pada minyak biji anggur (9,656 mg/mL), diikuti minyak kelapa murni (9,086 mg/mL), minyak zaitun (8,895 mg/mL), minyak kedelai (6,880 mg/mL), dan minyak argan (6,154 mg/mL). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, minyak biji anggur dipilih sebagai kandidat fase minyak yang paling potensial untuk pengembangan formulasi nanoemulsi tretinoin.
References
Cerdà, V., Phansi, P., & Ferreira, S. (2022). From mono- to multicomponent methods in UV-VIS spectrophotometric and fluorimetric quantitative analysis – A review. In TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry (Vol. 157). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2022.116772
Dinshaw, I. J., Ahmad, N., Salim, N., & Leo, B. F. (2021). Nanoemulsions: A review on the conceptualization of treatment for psoriasis using a ‘green’ surfactant with low-energy emulsification method. Pharmaceutics, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13071024
Dwimayasanti R. (2018). Rumput Laut : Antioksidan Alami Penangkal Radikal Bebas. Oseana, Volume 43 No 2, 13–23.
Garavaglia, J., Markoski, M. M., Oliveira, A., & Marcadenti, A. (2016). Grape Seed Oil Compounds: Biological and Chemical Actions for Health. Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, 9, 59–64. https://doi.org/10.4137/NMI.S32910
Jankovic, S., Tsakiridou, G., Ditzinger, F., Koehl, N. J., Price, D. J., Ilie, A. R., Kalantzi, L., Kimpe, K., Holm, R., Nair, A., Griffin, B., Saal, C., & Kuentz, M. (2019). Application of the solubility parameter concept to assist with oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs – a PEARRL review. In Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (Vol. 71, Number 4, pp. 441–463). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12948
Kryczyk-Poprawa, A., Zupkó, I., Bérdi, P., Żmudzki, P., Popiół, J., Muszyńska, B., & Opoka, W. (2020). Photostability testing of a third-generation retinoid—tazarotene in the presence of uv absorbers. Pharmaceutics, 12(9), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090899
Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2018). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. In International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Vol. 19, Number 1). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010070
Maulidia Ajhar, N., & Meilani, D. (2020). Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Etanol Biji Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) Yang Tumbuh di Daerah Gayo dengan Metode DPPH. Pharma Xplore, Volume 5 No 1(1), 34–40.
Najafi-Taher, R., Ghaemi, B., & Amani, A. (2018). Delivery of Adapalene Using a Novel Topical Gel Based on Tea Tree Oil Nano-emulsion: Permeation, Antibacterial and Safety Assessments. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 120, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.029
Noor, S. U., & Gozali, A. (2018). Eff ect of Gold Sea Cucumber (Stichopus hermanni) Extract Concentration on Antioxidant Activity of Grape Seed Oil (Vitis vinifera) Nanoemulsion. Desember, 16(1), 36–41.
Ourique, A. F., Melero, A., Silva, C. D. B. Da, Schaefer, U. F., Pohlmann, A. R., Guterres, S. S., Lehr, C. M., Kostka, K. H., & Beck, R. C. R. (2011). Improved photostability and reduced skin permeation of tretinoin: Development of a semisolid nanomedicine. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 79(1), 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.03.008
Ozogul, Y., Karsli, G. T., Durmuş, M., Yazgan, H., Oztop, H. M., McClements, D. J., & Ozogul, F. (2022). Recent Developments in Industrial Applications of Nanoemulsions. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 304, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2022.102685
Purnamasari, M. V., Nurlina, N., & Sari, A. A. (2023). Formulasi dan Evaluasi Masker Hyrogel Ekstrak Etanol Pegagan (Centella Asiatica (L). Urb) Sebagai Antiaging dengan Variasi Basis Carbopol dan HPMC. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Research, Volume 4 No 2, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.47065/jharma.v4i2.3644
Salem, Y., Sunoqrot, S., Rajha, H. N., Abusulieh, S., Afif, C., Francis, H., Touma, J. A., Louka, N., & Maroun, R. G. (2024). Grape seed Phenolic Extracts Encapsulation in Polymeric Nanoparticles: Characterization and in Vitro Evaluation Against Skin Melanoma. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 100, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2024.106094
Sari, M., Satya, W. Y., & Dwi, S. J. (2025). Chemical Peling untuk Rejuvenasi Daerah Periorbital dan Perioral: Sebuah Laporan Kasus. Scientific Journal (SCIENA), 4(6), 443–451.
Sitohang, I. B. S., Makes, W. I., Sandora, N., & Suryanegara, J. (2022). Topical tretinoin for treating photoaging: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. In International Journal of Women’s Dermatology (Vol. 8, Number 1). Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. https://doi.org/10.1097/JW9.0000000000000003
Suthar, S. (2025). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 1113 | P a g e. Int. J. of Pharm. Sci, 3, 1113–1131. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15016645
Suwarmi. (2024). UJI KELARUTAN RESVERATROL DALAM FASE MINYAK, SURFAKTAN, DAN KOSURFAKTAN SERTA FORMULASINYA DALAM SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SNEDDS) TESTING THE SOLUBILITY OF RESVERATROL IN THE OIL, SURFACTANT AND COSURFACTANT PHASE AND ITS FORMULATION IN A SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SNEDDS).
Yukuyama, M. N., Ghisleni, D. D. M., Pinto, T. J. A., & Bou-Chacra, N. A. (2016). Nanoemulsion: Process selection and application in cosmetics - A review. In International Journal of Cosmetic Science (Vol. 38, Number 1, pp. 13–24). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12260
