Kajian Literatur Potensi Rimpang Jahe Merah sebagai Analgesik dan Antiinflamasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25136Keywords:
Analgesik, Antiinflamasi, Jahe merahAbstract
Abstract. Pain is one of the most common health problems associated with inflammation and is generally managed using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, both of which may cause adverse effects. Therefore, safer therapeutic alternatives are needed, including red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum). This literature review aimed to analyze the pharmacological activity of red ginger as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent based on its bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action. A literature review was conducted by searching articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Eligible articles published within the last ten years were selected and analyzed descriptively. The review of six studies demonstrated that red ginger consistently exhibited analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in in vitro, in vivo, and limited clinical studies. These pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as gingerol, shogaol, zingerone, camphene, flavonoids, quinones, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, which inhibit COX and LOX enzymes, suppress NF-κB activation, reduce prostaglandin production, and modulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, red ginger has considerable potential as a natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Nevertheless, further well-designed clinical studies with standardized extracts and optimal dosages are required to confirm its efficacy and safety.
Abstrak. Nyeri merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering menyertai proses inflamasi dan umumnya ditangani menggunakan obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid (OAINS) maupun opioid yang berpotensi menimbulkan efek samping. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alternatif terapi yang lebih aman, salah satunya rimpang jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum). Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis aktivitas farmakologi jahe merah sebagai analgesik dan antiinflamasi berdasarkan kandungan senyawa bioaktif serta mekanisme kerjanya. Penelitian menggunakan metode kajian literatur dengan penelusuran artikel melalui basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci yang relevan. Artikel dipilih berdasarkan kesesuaian topik, dipublikasikan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian dari enam artikel menunjukkan bahwa jahe merah memiliki aktivitas analgesik dan antiinflamasi yang konsisten pada pengujian in vitro, in vivo, maupun uji klinis sederhana. Aktivitas tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kandungan gingerol, shogaol, zingerone, camphene, flavonoid, kuinon, monoterpen, dan seskuiterpen yang bekerja melalui penghambatan enzim COX dan LOX, penekanan aktivasi NF-κB, penurunan produksi prostaglandin, serta modulasi sitokin proinflamasi. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, rimpang jahe merah berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen analgesik dan antiinflamasi alami. Namun, penelitian klinis lebih lanjut dengan standarisasi ekstrak dan dosis yang optimal masih diperlukan untuk memastikan efektivitas dan keamanannya.
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