Formulasi In Situ Gel Oral Ekstrak Brokoli dan Aktivitas Antibakterinya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25083Keywords:
Broccoli, Streptococcus mutans, In Situ Gel OralAbstract
Abstract. Dental caries remains a prevalent oral health problem, with Streptococcus mutans playing an important role through acid production and biofilm formation. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) extract against S. mutans and developed a pharmaceutically stable oral in situ gel. Broccoli was extracted by maceration with 70% ethanol. The extract was subjected to phytochemical screening, qualitative sulforaphane identification by HPLC, and agar well diffusion testing at concentrations of 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 40, and 50%. The oral in situ gel was optimized using poloxamer 407 and carbomer 940 and evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, density, viscosity, gelation temperature, gelation time, and thermodynamic stability. The extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and steroids, with an HPLC peak at 5.19 min indicating sulforaphane. Antibacterial activity appeared at 40% (1.85 mm) and reached 7.3 mm at 50%. Formula F2 containing 15% poloxamer 407 and 0.1% carbomer 940 showed suitable physical properties and remained stable during heating-cooling and freeze-thaw tests. The results support broccoli extract as a potential natural active ingredient for oral in situ gel development.
Abstrak. Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan Streptococcus mutans sebagai salah satu bakteri utama melalui produksi asam dan pembentukan biofilm. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) terhadap S. mutans serta mengembangkan formulasi in situ gel oral yang stabil secara farmasetika. Brokoli diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, dilanjutkan skrining fitokimia, identifikasi kualitatif sulforaphane dengan HPLC, dan uji antibakteri metode difusi sumuran pada konsentrasi 3,75; 7,5; 15; 30; 40; dan 50%. Sediaan dioptimasi menggunakan poloxamer 407 dan carbomer 940, kemudian dievaluasi secara fisik dan stabilitas termodinamika. Ekstrak mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin, saponin, dan steroid serta menunjukkan puncak HPLC pada waktu retensi 5,19 menit yang mengindikasikan sulforaphane. Aktivitas antibakteri mulai tampak pada konsentrasi 40% dengan zona hambat 1,85 mm dan mencapai 7,3 mm pada konsentrasi 50%. Formula F2 dengan poloxamer 407 15% dan carbomer 940 0,1% menunjukkan karakteristik fisik yang sesuai serta stabil pada uji heating-cooling dan freeze-thaw. Ekstrak brokoli berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif alami dalam sediaan in situ gel oral.
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