Kajian Sistematis Aktivitas Antioksidan Kolagen dan Turunannya dari Ikan sebagai Inhibitor Tirosinase
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25078Keywords:
Kolagen ikan, Antioksidan, Inhibitor tirosinaseAbstract
Abstract. Fish collagen and its derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Enzymatic hydrolysis produces collagen peptides with lower molecular weight and enhanced biological activities, particularly antioxidant activity. This systematic literature review aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of fish collagen and its derivatives while identifying evidence regarding their anti-tyrosinase potential. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and scientific publisher platforms including MDPI, Frontiers, and RSC Publishing for articles published between 2018 and 2026. Eight research articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively. The findings consistently demonstrated that collagen peptides exhibited higher antioxidant activity than native collagen, as indicated by lower IC₅₀ values and greater free radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS assays. Hydrolysis enhanced the exposure of bioactive amino acid residues responsible for electron donation and radical scavenging. In addition, two studies reported anti-tyrosinase activity of fish collagen peptides, indicating their potential application as natural skin-whitening agents. Overall, fish collagen peptides demonstrate promising antioxidant properties, whereas evidence regarding anti-tyrosinase activity remains limited and requires further investigation.
Abstrak. Kolagen ikan dan turunannya merupakan biomaterial alami yang banyak diteliti karena potensinya sebagai bahan aktif di bidang pangan, farmasi, dan kosmetik. Proses hidrolisis enzimatik menghasilkan peptida kolagen dengan berat molekul lebih rendah sehingga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas biologis, terutama aktivitas antioksidan. Kajian sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan kolagen dan turunannya dari berbagai spesies ikan serta mengidentifikasi bukti mengenai potensi aktivitas anti-tirosinase. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 menggunakan PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, serta platform penerbit ilmiah MDPI, Frontiers, dan RSC Publishing terhadap artikel yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2018–2026. Sebanyak delapan artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa peptida kolagen memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kolagen utuh, ditandai dengan nilai IC₅₀ yang lebih rendah serta kemampuan menangkap radikal bebas yang lebih baik pada pengujian DPPH dan ABTS. Proses hidrolisis meningkatkan paparan residu asam amino bioaktif yang berperan dalam mendonorkan elektron maupun atom hidrogen untuk menetralisir radikal bebas. Selain itu, dua penelitian melaporkan aktivitas penghambatan enzim tirosinase oleh peptida kolagen ikan. Secara keseluruhan, peptida kolagen ikan menunjukkan potensi yang menjanjikan sebagai antioksidan, sedangkan bukti mengenai aktivitas anti-tirosinase masih terbatas sehingga memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.
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