Eksperimen Desain Faktorial untuk Optimasi Aktivitas Antioksidan Beras Hitam Menggunakan UAE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25006Keywords:
Beras Hitam, UAE, Desain faktorialAbstract
Abstract. Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains bioactive compounds, particularly anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which contribute to antioxidant activity. The extraction process is a critical stage because extraction conditions can affect the recovery and stability of these compounds. This study aimed to optimize black rice extraction using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) through a 2² factorial experimental design and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the resulting extracts. Black rice obtained from Subang, West Java, was characterized and extracted using methanol with variations in extraction time and solvent-to-material ratio. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method and expressed as IC₅₀. The characterization results showed moisture content of 12.81%, total ash of 1.39%, water-soluble extractive value of 3.02%, and ethanol-soluble extractive value of 4.04%. The IC₅₀ values ranged from 96.12 to 124.85 ppm. The lowest IC₅₀ value, indicating the highest antioxidant activity, was obtained at 20 minutes extraction with a material-to-solvent ratio of 1:200. The experimental design analysis indicated that the material-to-solvent ratio had a greater influence on antioxidant activity than extraction time. These findings demonstrate that UAE combined with factorial experimental design can be applied to identify efficient extraction conditions for obtaining black rice extracts with favorable antioxidant activity.
Abstrak. Beras hitam (Oryza sativa L.) mengandung senyawa bioaktif, terutama antosianin, flavonoid, dan senyawa fenolik yang berkontribusi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Proses ekstraksi merupakan tahap penting karena kondisi ekstraksi dapat memengaruhi perolehan dan stabilitas senyawa bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi ekstraksi beras hitam menggunakan Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) melalui desain eksperimen faktorial 2² serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak yang dihasilkan. Beras hitam yang diperoleh dari Subang, Jawa Barat, dikarakterisasi dan diekstraksi menggunakan metanol dengan variasi waktu ekstraksi dan rasio bahan:pelarut. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji menggunakan metode DPPH dan dinyatakan sebagai nilai IC₅₀. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan kadar air 12,81%, kadar abu total 1,39%, kadar sari larut air 3,02%, dan kadar sari larut etanol 4,04%. Nilai IC₅₀ ekstrak berkisar 96,12–124,85 ppm. Nilai IC₅₀ terendah diperoleh pada ekstraksi selama 20 menit dengan rasio bahan:pelarut 1:200. Analisis desain eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa rasio bahan:pelarut memberikan pengaruh lebih besar terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dibandingkan waktu ekstraksi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi UAE dan desain eksperimen faktorial dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi ekstraksi yang efisien dalam memperoleh ekstrak beras hitam dengan aktivitas antioksidan yang baik.
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