Optimasi Formulasi Gel Topikal Ekstrak Daun Binahong Menggunakan Factorial Design

Abstract

Abstract. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract has potential as a topical active ingredient due to its flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, tannin, and terpenoid contents, which support skin tissue regeneration. The quality of topical gel preparations is strongly influenced by the composition of the gel base; therefore, formulation optimization is required to obtain acceptable physical characteristics. This study aimed to optimize the formulation of binahong leaf extract topical gel using a factorial design approach by evaluating the effects of Carbomer 940 and propylene glycol concentrations on the physical properties of the gel. Binahong leaves were extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol, followed by phytochemical screening. Optimization was performed by varying the concentrations of Carbomer 940 and propylene glycol, with pH, viscosity, and spreadability as the response variables. The optimum formulation was obtained at a combination of 1.8% Carbomer 940 and 20% propylene glycol with a desirability value of 0.38451. The formulation produced a pH of 5.94, a spreadability of 6.44 cm, and a viscosity of 23,719 cP, meeting the required physical quality parameters for topical gel preparations. These findings indicate that the optimized formulation has suitable physical characteristics and may serve as a basis for the further development of binahong topical gel.

Abstrak.. Ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif sediaan topikal karena mengandung flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, tanin, dan terpenoid yang mendukung regenerasi jaringan kulit. Mutu sediaan gel sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi basis, sehingga diperlukan optimasi formulasi untuk memperoleh karakteristik fisik yang memenuhi persyaratan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi formulasi gel topikal ekstrak daun binahong menggunakan metode factorial design melalui evaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi Carbomer 940 dan propilen glikol terhadap sifat fisik sediaan. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70% dan dilanjutkan dengan penapisan fitokimia. Optimasi dilakukan dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi Carbomer 940 dan propilen glikol menggunakan respon pH, viskositas, dan daya sebar. Formula optimum diperoleh pada kombinasi Carbomer 940 1,8% dan propilen glikol 20% dengan nilai desirability 0,38451. Formula tersebut menghasilkan pH 5,94, daya sebar 6,44 cm, dan viskositas 23.719 cP yang memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik sediaan gel topikal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi optimum memiliki karakteristik fisik yang baik dan berpotensi menjadi dasar pengembangan sediaan gel topikal ekstrak daun binahong.