Studi Literatur: Sistem In Situ Gel dalam Pengembangan Sediaan Farmasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24792Keywords:
In situ gel, Sistem penghantaran obat, Thermosensitive, Ph-triggered, Ion-activatedAbstract
Abstract. In situ gel is a drug delivery system that undergoes a sol–gel transition in response to physiological stimuli, providing prolonged drug residence time and controlled drug release compared with conventional dosage forms. This study aimed to review the development of in situ gel systems in pharmaceutical formulations based on gelation mechanisms, polymers used, formulation characteristics, and their potential applications. A narrative review was conducted by analyzing selected original research articles. The review identified three major gelation mechanisms, namely thermosensitive, pH-triggered, and ion-activated systems. Thermosensitive systems generally employ a combination of Poloxamer 407 and Poloxamer 188, pH-triggered systems utilize Carbopol combined with HPMC, while ion-activated systems use deacetylated gellan gum as the primary gelling polymer. Despite differences in gelation mechanisms, all systems demonstrated favorable formulation characteristics, including rapid gel formation under physiological conditions, prolonged drug retention, and sustained drug release. Although the reviewed studies mainly focused on ophthalmic drug delivery, in situ gel systems show promising potential for broader pharmaceutical applications.
Abstrak. In situ gel merupakan sistem penghantaran obat yang mengalami transisi dari bentuk cair menjadi gel sebagai respons terhadap kondisi fisiologis sehingga mampu meningkatkan waktu retensi obat dan mengontrol pelepasan obat dibandingkan sediaan konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perkembangan sistem in situ gel dalam pengembangan sediaan farmasi berdasarkan mekanisme pembentukan gel, jenis polimer, karakteristik formulasi, dan potensi aplikasinya. Kajian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan narrative review terhadap artikel penelitian yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tiga mekanisme utama pembentukan in situ gel, yaitu thermosensitive, pH-triggered, dan ion-triggered. Sistem thermosensitivemenggunakan kombinasi Poloxamer 407 dan Poloxamer 188, sistem pH-triggered menggunakan Carbopol yang dikombinasikan dengan HPMC, sedangkan sistem ion-triggered menggunakan deasetilasi gellan gum sebagai polimer utama. Ketiga mekanisme tersebut menunjukkan karakteristik formulasi yang baik, meliputi pembentukan gel pada kondisi fisiologis, peningkatan retensi obat, dan pelepasan obat secara terkendali. Meskipun penelitian yang ditelaah didominasi oleh aplikasi oftalmik, sistem in situ gel berpotensi dikembangkan pada berbagai sediaan farmasi lainnya.
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