Studi Literatur Perbandingan Metode Isolasi Peroksidase Tanaman untuk Biosensor Kanker Paru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24756Keywords:
Biosensor, ELISA, HRPAbstract
Abstract. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, emphasizing the need for sensitive and accurate early detection methods. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is widely used for detecting lung cancer biomarkers by employing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as an enzyme label. However, the availability of HRP depends on Armoracia rusticana, a plant cultivated mainly in subtropical regions, encouraging the search for alternative plant-derived peroxidases. This study aimed to compare isolation and purification methods of plant peroxidases based on enzyme activity recovery, specific activity, and purification fold to evaluate their potential as alternative HRP for biosensor applications in early lung cancer detection. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Springer Nature Link databases. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The results showed that the Three-Phase Partitioning (TPP) method achieved the highest enzyme activity recovery (159%), while sequential ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography produced the highest purification fold (230-fold). The highest specific activity (13,136 U/mg) was reported for ginger (Zingiber officinale) peroxidase. These findings indicate that TPP is the most effective method for preserving enzyme activity, whereas sequential chromatography produces highly purified peroxidase with strong potential as an alternative HRP for ELISA-based biosensors.
Abstrak. Kanker paru merupakan penyebab kematian akibat kanker tertinggi di dunia sehingga diperlukan metode deteksi dini yang sensitif. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) merupakan salah satu metode yang banyak digunakan dalam deteksi biomarker kanker paru dengan memanfaatkan horseradish peroxidase (HRP) sebagai enzim penanda. Namun, ketersediaan HRP masih bergantung pada tanaman horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) yang dibudidayakan di wilayah subtropis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode isolasi dan pemurnian enzim peroksidase dari berbagai tanaman berdasarkan parameter rendemen, aktivitas enzim , dan faktor pemurnian sebagai kandidat alternatif HRP dalam aplikasi biosensor dan sistem ELISA. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) mengikuti pedoman PRISMA. Literatur diperoleh dari basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Springer Nature Link, diperoleh 10 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa metode Three Phase Partitioning (TPP) menghasilkan rendemen aktivitas enzim tertinggi sebesar 159%, sedangkan kombinasi kromatografi pertukaran ion dan gel filtrasi menghasilkan faktor pemurnian tertinggi sebesar 230 kali. Aktivitas spesifik tertinggi dilaporkan pada peroksidase jahe (Zingiber officinale) sebesar 13,136 U/mg. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, metode TPP merupakan pendekatan terbaik untuk mempertahankan rendemen aktivitas enzim, sedangkan metode pemurnian bertingkat yang melibatkan DEAE-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, dan Sephacryl S-200 pada peroksidase jahe terbukti menghasilkan aktivitas spesifik tertinggi sebagai kandidat alternatif HRP.
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