Kajian Strategi Formulasi SNEDDS dan SMEED Ekstrak Jahe dan Senyawa Bioaktifnya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24718Keywords:
Jahe, Bioavailabilitas, SMEDDSAbstract
Abstract. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract and its bioactive compounds, such as 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, have various pharmacological activities. However, their oral use is still hampered by low bioavailability. This study aims to analyze the formulation strategies of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) and self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) to increase the bioavailability of ginger extract and its bioactive compounds. The study was conducted using a systematic literature review (SLR) method with secondary data sources obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar for articles published in 2016-2026 according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed descriptively through the extraction of formulation components, preparation characteristics, and pharmacokinetic profiles. The study results showed that formulations based on long- and medium-chain triglyceride oil, nonionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Cremophor), and PEG 400 or propanediol cosurfactants were able to produce droplet sizes of 13.10–73.06 nm with a polydispersity index value of less than 0.5. The SMEDDS formulation was proven to increase pharmacokinetic parameters, one of which was the area under the curve (AUC) by approximately 5.7 – 6,6 times compared to the compound without formulation, indicating increased bioavailability of the compound. Thus, the delivery of SNEDDS and SMEDDS is an effective formulation strategy to increase the bioavailability of ginger extract and its bioactive compounds.
Abstrak. Ekstrak jahe (Zingiber officinale) dan senyaa bioaktifnya seperti 6-gingerol dan 6-shogaol memiliki berbagai aktivitas farmakologi. Namun, pemanfaatannya secara oral masih terkendala oleh bioavailabilitas yang rendah. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi formulasi self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) dan self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) dalam meningkatkan bioavailabilitas ekstrak jahe dan senyawa bioaktifnya. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode systematic literature review (SLR) dengan sumber data sekunder yang diperoleh dari PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis dan Google Scholar terhadap artikel publikasi 2016-2026 sesuai krieria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui ekstraksi komponen formulasi, karakteristik sediaan serta profil farmakokinetika. Hasil kajian menunjukkan formulasi berbasis minyak trigliserida rantai panjang maupun menengah, surfaktan nonionik (Tween 80 dan Cremophor), serta kosurfaktan PEG 400 atau propanadiol mampu menghasilkan ukuran droplet 13,10–73,06 nm dengan nilai indeks polidispersitas kurang dari 0,5. Formulasi SMEDDS terbukti meningkatkan parameter farmakokinetika, salah satunya area under the curve (AUC) hingga sekitar 5,7- 6,6 kali dibandingkan senyawa tanpa formulasi yang menunjukkan meningkatnya bioavailabilitas senyawa. Dengan demikian, penghantaran SNEDDS dan SMEDDS merupakan strategi formulasi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan bioavailabilitas ekstrak jahe dan senyawa bioaktifnya.
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