Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Tiwai terhadap Cutibacterium acnes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24635Keywords:
Antibakteri, Eleutherine bulbosa, Cutibacterium acnesAbstract
Abstract. Cutibacterium acnes plays a key role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance associated with acne treatment has encouraged the development of natural antibacterial agents as safer alternatives. One promising medicinal plant is the bulb of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. which contains various secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of E. bulbosa bulbs against C. acnes. An experimental study was conducted, including sample preparation, simplicia preparation and characterization, phytochemical screening, extraction by maceration using 96% ethanol, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis and antibacterial testing using the agar well diffusion method at extract concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. The ethanolic extract exhibited antibacterial activity against C. acnes, with mean inhibition zone diameters of 11.28 ± 0.45 mm, 12.79 ± 0.56 mm, and 13.41 ± 0.20 mm at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among the treatment groups (p < 0.05), with the 20% extract demonstrating the strongest antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of E. bulbosa bulbs has potential as a natural antibacterial agent for acne therapy.
Abstrak. Cutibacterium acnes merupakan bakteri yang berperan penting dalam patogenesis jerawat (acne vulgaris). Meningkatnya kejadian resistensi akibat penggunaan antibiotik dalam terapi jerawat mendorong pengembangan antibakteri alami sebagai alternatif yang lebih aman. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi dikembangkan adalah umbi bawang tiwai (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) yang diketahui mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder dengan aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi antibakteri ekstrak etanol umbi bawang tiwai terhadap Cutibacterium acnes. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental melalui tahapan penyiapan bahan, pembuatan dan karakterisasi simplisia, skrining fitokimia, ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, pemantauan ekstrak menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), serta pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi sumuran pada konsentrasi ekstrak 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA. Ekstrak etanol umbi bawang tiwai menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Cutibacterium acnes dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat pada konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20% berturut-turut sebesar 11,28 ± 0,45 mm, 12,79 ± 0,56 mm, dan 13,41 ± 0,20 mm. Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antarperlakuan (p<0,05), dengan konsentrasi 20% menghasilkan aktivitas antibakteri paling optimal. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, ekstrak etanol umbi bawang tiwai berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antibakteri alami untuk terapi jerawat.
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