Studi Literatur: Potensi Minyak Nabati sebagai Antiinflamasi Topikal pada Penyembuhan Luka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24488Keywords:
Minyak nabati, Antiinflamasi, Penyembuhan lukaAbstract
Abstract. Wound healing is a complex biological process involving hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Excessive or prolonged inflammation may delay epithelialization, collagen formation, and tissue regeneration. Conventional topical therapies, including antiseptics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may cause adverse effects with long-term use, encouraging the exploration of natural alternatives. This literature review aimed to evaluate the potential of vegetable oils as topical anti-inflammatory agents in wound healing. Literature was collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and MDPI published between 2015 and 2026 using keywords related to vegetable oils, anti-inflammatory activity, topical application, and wound healing. The review included in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Sesame oil, virgin coconut oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and black seed oil were identified as the most frequently investigated oils. Their anti-inflammatory effects are associated with bioactive compounds such as sesamin, sesamol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, lauric acid, linoleic acid, and thymoquinone. These compounds may modulate NF-κB signaling, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibit COX-2 expression, and enhance collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. Current evidence suggests that vegetable oils have promising potential as supportive topical therapies for wound healing; however, further standardized clinical studies are required to determine optimal formulations and therapeutic concentrations.
Abstrak. Penyembuhan luka merupakan proses biologis kompleks yang melibatkan fase hemostasis, inflamasi, proliferasi, dan remodeling jaringan. Inflamasi yang berlebihan atau berkepanjangan dapat menghambat epitelisasi, pembentukan kolagen, dan regenerasi jaringan. Terapi topikal konvensional seperti antiseptik dan obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid dapat menimbulkan efek samping pada penggunaan jangka panjang sehingga diperlukan alternatif berbasis bahan alam. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi minyak nabati sebagai agen antiinflamasi topikal pada penyembuhan luka. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan melalui PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, dan MDPI untuk artikel yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2015–2026 dengan kata kunci terkait minyak nabati, aktivitas antiinflamasi, aplikasi topikal, dan penyembuhan luka. Kajian mencakup penelitian in vitro, in vivo, dan klinis. Minyak wijen, virgin coconut oil, minyak zaitun, minyak bunga matahari, dan minyak jintan hitam merupakan minyak yang paling banyak diteliti. Aktivitas antiinflamasi minyak tersebut berkaitan dengan kandungan sesamin, sesamol, oleuropein, hidroksitirosol, asam laurat, asam linoleat, dan timoquinon. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut berpotensi memodulasi jalur NF-κB, menurunkan sitokin proinflamasi, menghambat ekspresi COX-2, serta meningkatkan sintesis kolagen dan angiogenesis. Berdasarkan bukti yang tersedia, minyak nabati berpotensi sebagai terapi topikal pendukung penyembuhan luka, namun masih diperlukan penelitian klinis terstandar untuk menentukan formulasi dan konsentrasi terapeutik yang optimal.
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