Biosintesis Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Gandapura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24290Keywords:
Gaultheria fragrantissima, Green synthesis, Nanopartikel perakAbstract
Abstract. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are nanomaterials with potential as antibacterial agents. The green synthesis method utilizes plant extracts as bioreducing agents because they contain polyphenols and flavonoids capable of reducing Ag⁺ ions into nanoparticles while simultaneously acting as stabilizing agents. This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antibacterial activity of AgNPs using Gaultheria fragrantissima leaf infusion extract as a bioreducing agent. The synthesis was carried out using a 1 mM AgNO₃ solution with and without the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Characterization included phytochemical screening, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, particle size analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while the antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The leaf infusion extract contained flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and alkaloids. The formation of AgNPs was indicated by a color change of the solution to brown and a UV-Vis absorption peak at 419.5–443 nm. The average particle size of the synthesized AgNPs was 83.05 nm without PVP and 66.55 nm with PVP, with polydispersity index values of 0.389 and 0.370, respectively. The infrared spectra indicated the involvement of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and other oxygen-containing functional groups in nanoparticle formation. The inhibition zone diameters were 6.27 mm against S. aureus and 5.69 mm against E. coli.
Abstrak. Nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) merupakan nanomaterial yang berpotensi sebagai agen antibakteri. Sintesis AgNP melalui metode green synthesis memanfaatkan ekstrak tanaman sebagai bioreduktor karena mengandung senyawa polifenol dan flavonoid yang mampu mereduksi ion Ag+ menjadi nanopartikel sekaligus berperan sebagai penstabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis, mengkarakterisasi, dan mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri AgNPs menggunakan ekstrak infusa daun gandapura (Gaultheria fragrantissima) sebagai bioreduktor. Sintesis dilakukan menggunakan larutan AgNO3 1 mM, dengan dan tanpa penambahan polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Karakterisasi meliputi skrining fitokimia, spektrofotometri UV-Vis, particle size analyzer, dan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, sedangkan aktivitas antibakteri diuji dengan metode difusi agar sumuran terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Ekstrak infusa daun gandapura mengandung flavonoid, polifenol, tanin, dan alkaloid. Pembentukan AgNPs ditandai dengan perubahan warna larutan menjadi coklat dan puncak serapan UV-Vis pada 419,5–443 nm. Ukuran rata-rata AgNPs yang dihasilkan yaitu 83,05 nm tanpa PVP dan 66,55 nm dengan PVP, dengan indeks polidispersitas berturut-turut 0,389 dan 0,370. Spektrum inframerah menunjukkan keterlibatan gugus hidroksil, karbonil, serta gugus lain yang mengandung oksigen dalam pembentukan nanopartikel. Diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk sebesar 6,27 mm terhadap S. aureus dan 5,69 mm terhadap E. coli.
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