Jenis Polimer dalam Pengembangan Mucoadhesive-NLC untuk Intranasal Brain Delivery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24029Keywords:
Polimer Mukoadhesif, Nanostructured Lipid Carrier, Intranasal Brain DeliveryAbstract
Abstract. The highly selective blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a major obstacle to brain drug delivery, and the intranasal route has emerged as a non-invasive approach capable of bypassing the BBB via the olfactory and trigeminal pathways. Combining nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) with mucoadhesive polymers can prolong the residence time of the formulation on the nasal mucosa, although its physicochemical performance is strongly influenced by the type of polymer used. This study aims to examine the types of mucoadhesive polymers used in the development of mucoadhesive-NLC systems for intranasal brain delivery and their effect on physicochemical characteristics, using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 22 reputable articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Results showed that natural polymers (chitosan, gellan gum, sodium hyaluronate) and synthetic polymers (HPMC, carbopol, poloxamer) produced NLC systems with particle sizes of 41.55-255 nm, PDI below 0.3; zeta potential of -39.3 to +41 mV, entrapment efficiency of 63.7-99.99%, and mucoadhesive strength varying according to polymer charge and binding mechanism. Cationic polymers such as chitosan enhanced mucoadhesion through electrostatic interaction with negatively charged mucus, while thermoreversible polymers such as poloxamer and gellan gum strengthened retention through in situ gel formation at physiological temperature. Overall, these findings confirm that the selection of polymer type is a critical factor determining the physicochemical characteristics of mucoadhesive-NLC systems for intranasal brain delivery.
Abstrak. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) yang sangat selektif menjadi hambatan utama penghantaran obat ke otak, rute intranasal berkembang sebagai pendekatan non-invasif yang mampu melewati BBB melalui jalur olfaktorius dan trigeminal. Kombinasi nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) dengan polimer mukoadhesif dapat memperpanjang waktu tinggal sediaan pada mukosa hidung, namun performa fisikokimianya sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis polimer yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji jenis-jenis polimer mukoadhesif dalam pengembangan sistem mukoadhesif-NLC untuk intranasal brain delivery serta pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia melalui metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap 22 artikel bereputasi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa polimer alami (chitosan, gellan gum, sodium hyaluronate) dan polimer sintesis (HPMC, carbopol, poloxamer) menghasilkan sistem NLC dengan ukuran partikel 41,55-255 nm, PDI di bawah 0,3; zeta potensial -39,3 hingga +41 mV, efisiensi penjerapan 63,7-99,99%, serta kekuatan mukoadhesif yang bervariasi sesuai muatan dan mekanisme ikatan polimer. Polimer kationik seperti chitosan meningkatkan mukoadhesi melalui interaksi elektrostatik dengan mukus yang bermuatan negatif, sedangkan polimer termoreversibel seperti poloxamer dan gellan gum memperkuat retensi melalui pembentukan gel in situ pada suhu fisiologis. Secara keseluruhan, temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemilihan jenis polimer merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan karakteristik fisikokimia sistem mukoadhesif-NLC untuk intranasal brain delivery.
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