Manajemen Regimen Terapi pada Pasien Tuberculosis Multidrug Resistan (TB-MDR) di Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis is a big challenge in controlling tuberculosis in Indonesia. The resistance of  Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) causes increasing difficulties in treating this disease, especially in the case of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). This study aims to examine the TB-RO therapy regimen that applies in Indonesia through a descriptive analysis approach. The research process was carried out by searching, selecting and analyzing scientific literature from various trusted sources, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research results show that since 2023, Indonesia has implemented several TB-RO therapy regimens, namely BPaLM (6 months), BPaL (6 months), 9 month regimen, and long-term regimen (18-24 months). The choice of regimen is based on the patient's condition, treatment history, and level of resistance to certain OAT. The BPaLM and BPaL regimens are the main choice for patients with MDR-TB, while the 9-month regimen and long-term regimen are intended for patients with special conditions or more widespread resistance.

Abstrak. Tuberkulosis Resistan Obat (TB-RO) merupakan tantangan besar dalam pengendalian tuberkulosis di Indonesia. Resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) menyebabkan peningkatan kesulitan dalam penanganan penyakit ini, terutama dalam kasus Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji regimen terapi TB-RO yang berlaku di Indonesia melalui pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Proses penelitian dilakukan dengan pencarian, seleksi, dan analisis literatur ilmiah dari berbagai sumber terpercaya, dengan mempertimbangkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejak tahun 2023, Indonesia telah menerapkan beberapa regimen terapi TB-RO, yaitu BPaLM (6 bulan), BPaL (6 bulan), regimen 9 bulan, serta regimen jangka panjang (18-24 bulan). Pemilihan regimen didasarkan pada kondisi pasien, riwayat pengobatan, serta tingkat resistansi terhadap OAT tertentu. Regimen BPaLM dan BPaL menjadi pilihan utama bagi pasien dengan TB-MDR, sementara regimen 9 bulan dan regimen jangka panjang diperuntukkan bagi pasien dengan kondisi khusus atau resistansi lebih luas.