Karakterisasi Simplisia Daun Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Varietas Vorstenlanden
Abstract
Abstract. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is one of the plants with high commercial value in the industrial sector. This research aims to characterize the Vorstenlanden variety of tobacco leaves to identify the distinctive features of this variety and compare them with the standards outlined in SNI-01-0612-1989 concerning tobacco quality. The methodology used includes organoleptic observations, determination of moisture content, total ash content and acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extractives, and drying loss. The research results indicate that characterization parameters such as moisture content and ash content do not comply with SNI-01-0612-1989 standards for tobacco quality. The moisture content obtained was 6.00%, while the standard for tobacco leaf moisture content is in the range of 13-20%. The total ash content obtained was 19.52%, whereas the standard for total ash content in tobacco leaves is not more than 16%.
Abstrak. Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi di aspek industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan proses karakterisasi daun tembakau varietas Vorstenlanden untuk mengetahui ciri khas varietas tersebut, serta membandingkan dengan standar yang tertera pada SNI-01-0612-1989 tentang mutu tembakau. Metodologi yang digunakan meliputi pengamatan organoleptis, penetapan kadar air, kadar abu total dan tidak larut asam, kadar sari larut air dan larut etanol, serta susut pengeringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter karakterisasi seperti kadar air dan kadar abu tidak sesuai dengan SNI-01-0612-1989 tentang mutu tembakau. Nilai kadar air yang didapatkan adalah sebesar 6,00%, sementara itu standar untuk kadar air daun tembakau berada pada rentang 13-20%. Nilai kadar abu total yang di dapatkan adalah sebesar19,52%, sementara itu standar untuk kadar abu total daun tembakau adalah tidak lebih dari 16%.
References
[2] Depkes RI, Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2000.
[3] M. Leal, M. A. Moreno, P. L. Albornoz, M. I. Mercado, I. C. Zampini, and M. I. Isla, “Nicotiana tabacum Leaf Waste: Morphological Characterization and Chemical-Functional Analysis of Extracts Obtained from Powder Leaves by Using Green Solvents,” Molecules, vol. 28, no. 3, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.3390/molecules28031396.
[4] I. Hartana and H. Vermeulen, “Nicotiana tabacum L.,” PROSEA Foundation. [Online]. Available: prota4u.org/prosea
[5] A. Prommaban, K. Kheawfu, C. Chittasupho, S. Sirilun, K. Hemsuwimon, and W. Chaiyana, “Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antihyaluronidase, Antityrosinase, and Antimicrobial Properties of Nicotiana tabacum L. Leaf Extracts,” Evidence-based Complement. Altern. Med., vol. 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/5761764.
[6] M. H. C. Klau and R. J. Hesturini, “Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus nutans (Burm F) Lindau) Terhadap Daya Analgetik Dan Gambaran Makroskopis Lambung Mencit,” J. Farm. Sains Indones., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 6–12, 2021, doi: 10.52216/jfsi.v4i1.59.
[7] Pustiklaten, “Morfologi Tembakau Vorstenlanden,” Agronomi dan Pemuliaan. Accessed: Aug. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://puslitklaten.wordpress.com/2012/11/29/morfologi-tembakau-vorstenlanden/
[8] F. Syafi, “Tembakau Unggulan Jember Berjuluk Na Oogst,” Thinkway.id. [Online]. Available: https://thinkway.id/tembakau-unggulan-jember-berjuluk-na-oogst/
[9] LitbangJember, “Morfologi Tanaman Tembakau Cerutu Besuki Varietas H-382,” Research and Development of Tobacco Jember. Accessed: Aug. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://litbangjember.wordpress.com/2012/10/10/morfologi-tanaman-tembakau/
[10] Rokok Indonesia, “Tembakau,” Flickr. Accessed: Aug. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.flickr.com/photos/130075348@N08/16314573532/in/photostream/
[11] A. Wardhono, J. A. Arifandi, and Y. Indrawati, Standar dan Mutu Tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst. 2019.
[12] D. K. Wardani and B. M. Mahardika, “Penanganan Pascapanen Tembakau Cerutu Vorstenlanden Di Pt Perkebunan Nusantara X ( Persero ) Kabupaten Klaten,” Agrotech Res. J., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 11–14, 2023, doi: 10.36596/arj.v4i1.962.
[13] Depkes RI, Farmakope Herbal Indonesia, Edisi II. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2017.
[14] N. Rakhmawati, S. Amanto, D. Praseptiangga, J. Teknologi, H. Pertanian, and F. Pertanian, “Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sifar Sensoris dan Fisikokimia Produk Flakes Komposit Berbahan Dasar Tepung Tapoika, Tepung Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) dan Tepung Konjac (Amorphophallus oncophillus),” Jur. Teknol. Has. Pertan. Univ. Sebel. Maret J. Teknosains Pangan, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 67–68, 2014, [Online]. Available: www.ilmupangan.fp.uns.ac.id
[15] Y. P. Utami, A. H. Umar, R. Syahruni, and I. Kadullah, “Standardisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Leilem ( Clerodendrum,” J. Pharm. Med. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 32–39, 2017.
[16] M. Hutagalung, “Pengujian Efektivitas Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Pada Tikus,” J. Penelit. Farm. Herb., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 79–86, 2022, doi: 10.36656/jpfh.v4i2.868.
[17] A. M. Hossain and S. M. Salehuddin, “Analytical determination of nicotine in tobacco leaves by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,” Arab. J. Chem., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 275–278, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.10.006.
[18] A. Najihudin, S. Hindun, N. Rantika, G. Magfiroh, and D. Sujana, “Karakterisasi dan Penapisan Fitokimia Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Asal Garut, Jawa Barat,” Med. Sains J. Ilm. Kefarmasian, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 679–686, 2023.
[19] S. Oeung and V. Yin, “Phytochemical analysis of different extracts of leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. of Cambodia Data collector View project First author View project,” no. December, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322063419
