Potensi Antibakteri Tanaman Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v4i2.14072Keywords:
antibakteri, kersen, Muntingia calabura L.Abstract
Abstract. The use of antibiotics is one method of treating diseases caused by bacterial infections. However, inappropriate and irrational use of antibiotics can lead to side effects, one of which is bacterial resistance to antibiotics. To address the problems arising from antibiotic use, efforts have been made to find alternative treatments for infections, one of which is by utilizing plant extracts, specifically the kersen plant (Muntingia calabura L.). This study aims to determine the antibacterial potential of the kersen plant (Muntingia calabura L.), identify which part of the plant is most potent as an antibacterial, and understand its mechanism of action. The study was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by reviewing research articles. The results indicate that the kersen plant (Muntingia calabura L.) is effective as an antibacterial whether it is Gram-positive bacteria or Gram-negative bacteria, particularly its fruit. The compounds that act as antibacterial agents include flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The mechanisms of action of these compounds include inhibiting the formation of DNA and RNA, disrupting bacterial cell stability through the outer membrane and cell wall, binding to the cytoplasmic membrane causing cytoplasmic leakage, as well as inhibiting microbial cell adhesion, inactivating enzymes, and disrupting protein transport within the cell.
Abstrak. Penggunaan antibiotik merupakan salah satu metode pengobatan untuk penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Akan tetapi, penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak sesuai dengan aturan pakai dan tidak rasional dapat menimbulkan efek samping salah satunya adalah resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Munculnya masalah akibat penggunaan antibiotik, dilakukan upaya untuk mencari alternatif pengobatan infeksi yang salah satu nya adalah dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak tanaman, yaitu tanaman kersen (Muntingia calabura L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi antibakteri tanaman kersen (Muntingia calabura L.), mengetahui bagian tanaman mana yang paling berpotensi sebagai antibakteri, dan mengetahui bagaimana mekanisme kerjanya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan cara mengkaji artikel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) efektif sebagai antibakteri baik itu bakteri Gram positif ataupun Gram negatif, terutama bagian buahnya. Senyawa yang berperan sebagai antibakteri adalah flavonoid, saponin, dan tannin. Mekanisme kerja senyawa ini meliputi penghambatan pembentukan DNA dan RNA, gangguan stabilitas sel bakteri melalui membran dan dinding sel, pengikatan membran sitoplasma yang menyebabkan kebocoran sitoplasma, serta menghambat adhesi mikroba, menginaktifkan enzim, dan mengganggu transportasi protein dalam sel.
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