Karakteristik Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Berdasarkan Usia, Jenis Kelamin, dan Profil Lipid di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Subang

Abstract

Abstrak. Diabetes melitus (DM) disebabkan kelainan resistensi insulin, insulin atau keduanya dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia, dan merupakan penyakit metabolik kronik progresif. Prevalensi DM tipe 2 tahun 2018 meningkat sebanyak 8,5%. DM tipe 2 merupakan faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner, diawali kondisi dislipidemia. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUD Subang berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan profil lipid. Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik total sampling berjumlah 31 sampel sesuai kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUD Subang tahun 2021 terbanyak kelompok lansia awal 15 orang (48,4%), jenis kelamin terbanyak perempuan 20 orang (64,5%), kadar kolesterol total kategori agak tinggi dan normal berjumlah masing-masing sebanyak 12 orang (38,7%), trigliserida terbanyak kategori normal sejumlah 14 orang (45,2%), High-Density Lipopotein terbanyak kategori tinggi sejumlah 18 orang (58,1%), dan Low-Density Lipoprotein terbanyak kategori optimal sejumlah 21 orang (67,8%). Data usia, jenis kelamin, dan profil lipid dianalisis statistik menggunakan Microsoft Excel. DM tipe 2 hasil dari kurangnya aktivitas dan gaya hidup tidak sehat. Faktor risiko DM terdapat yang dapat diubah dan tidak dapat diubah seperti genetik, usia dan jenis kelamin, sehingga didapatkan karakteristik pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUD Subang berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan profil lipid.

Abstract. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by abnormalities of insulin resistance, insulin or both with characteristics of hyperglycemia, and is a progressive chronic metabolic disease. The prevalence of type 2 DM in 2018 increased by 8.5%. Type 2 DM is a risk factor for coronary heart disease, starting with dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of type 2 DM patients at Subang Hospital based on age, sex, and lipid profile. This type of descriptive research with a total sampling technique totaling 31 samples according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of type 2 DM patients at Subang Hospital in 2021 were mostly in the early elderly group of 15 people (48.4%), the most sex was female 20 people (64.5%), the total cholesterol level was in the rather high and normal category, amounting to 12 each people (38.7%), the most triglycerides in the normal category were 14 people (45.2%), the High-Density Lipoprotein the most in the high category were 18 people (58.1%), and the Low-Density Lipoprotein in the optimal category was 21 people (67.8%). Age, gender, and lipid profile data were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Type 2 DM results from a lack of activity and an unhealthy lifestyle. DM risk factors that can be changed and cannot be changed such as genetics, age and gender, so that the characteristics of type 2 DM patients at Subang Hospital are obtained based on age, sex and lipid profile.