Efektivitas Antioksidan Terhadap Pencegahan Katarak

Abstract

Abstract. Cataract is a degenerative process, in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, which can lead to reduced vision and blindness. The cloudiness of the lens is caused by a biochemical reaction that causes protein coagulation in the lens. Antioxidants can be used as an alternative treatment to delay and/or prevent disease progression and are believed to be able to prevent cataracts by neutralizing free radicals. This research aims to find out the effect of antioxidant administration on cataract sufferers in the elderly. The method used is the Scoping Review technique. The research sample is in the form of articles, which are taken from 3 databases namely SpringerLink, Science Direct and PubMed. The steps taken are selecting relevant articles using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the articles obtained as a whole were 15,960 articles, and then on the inclusion criteria screening, 422 articles were obtained. There are 5 duplicate articles were deleted. In the process of screening for discrepancies in article titles and abstracts based on PICOS, critical appraisal with CASP and JBI obtained 3 articles, then data extraction and results reporting were carried out. The preparation procedure using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was used to describe the literature search flow. The results obtained were published in the period 2012-2022. The results showed that there was an effect of consumption of vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and B vitamins on reducing the incidence of age-related cataracts and consumption of vitamin E and selenium supplements did not have a significant effect on the incidence of age-related cataracts.

Keywords: Antioxidant, Cataract, Elderly

Abstrak. Katarak adalah proses degeneratif, di mana lensa mata menjadi keruh sehingga dapat menyebabkan menurunnya kemampuan pengelihatan hingga kebutaan. Kekeruhan pada lensa tersebut disebabkan terjadinya reaksi biokimia yang menyebabkan adanya koagulasi protein di dalam lensa. Antioksidan dapat digunakan sebagai pengobatan alternatif untuk menunda dan/atau mencegah perkembangan penyakit dan dipercaya mampu untuk mencegah katarak dengan menjadi penetralisir radikal bebas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi artikel yang meneliti efektivitas antioksidan terhadap pencegahan katarak pada lansia. Metode yang digunakan adalah scoping review, sampel penelitian berupa artikel-artikel yang diambil dari 3 database yaitu SpringerLink, Science Direct dan Pubmed. Artikel yang relevan dipilih menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil artikel yang didapatkan secara keseluruhan yaitu 15.960 selanjutnya skrining kriteria inklusi didapatkan 422 artikel, menghapus 5 artikel duplikasi, skrining ketidaksesuaian judul artikel dan abstrak berdasarkan PICOS, critical appraisal dengan CASP dan JBI didapatkan 3 artikel, melakukan ekstraksi data, dan melaporkan hasil. Prosedur penyusunan menggunakan metode Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) digunakan untuk menggambarkan alur pencarian literature. Hasil yang diperoleh dipublikasikan pada kurun waktu tahun 2012-2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh konsumsi vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-karoten, dan vitamin B terhadap penurunan insiden katarak terakit usia dan konsumsi suplemen vitamin E dan selenium tidak memberikan efek yang signifikan terhadap insiden katarak terkait usia.

 Kata Kunci: Antioksidan, Katarak, Lansia