Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Propolis Trigona spp. terhadap Pertumbuhan Cutibacterium Acnes
Abstract
Abstract. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is an aerotolerant anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that causes acne vulgaris. Ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) from Trigona spp. contains bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential and can be an alternative treatment. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of Trigona spp. EEP against C. acnes using an in vitro post-test only control group design. Raw propolis was obtained from Dayeuhluhur, Cilacap, Central Java, and the inhibition zones were measured using the agar-well diffusion method. The study groups included EEP at concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, along with positive (doxycycline) and negative (DMSO) controls. Experiments were conducted at the FMIPA Laboratory, Islamic University of Bandung (October–December 2024). The median inhibition zones were 11.7 mm (12.5%), 12.45 mm (25%), 14.3 mm (50%), and 2.1 mm (100%). EEP at 12.5%, 25%, and 50% showed strong inhibition, while 100% EEP had weak inhibition. The highest inhibition was observed at 50% EEP (14.3 mm). These findings suggest that Trigona spp. EEP has antibacterial potential and could be developed as an alternative treatment for acne vulgaris caused by C. acnes.
Abstrak. Cutibacterium acnes atau C. acnes merupakan bakteri Gram-positif anaerob aerotoleran yang merupakan penyebab utama penyakit akne vulgaris. Munculnya strain C. acnes yang resisten terhadap antibiotik mendorong pencarian pengobatan alternatif seperti propolis, yang kaya akan senyawa bioaktif dengan potensi terapeutik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aktivitas antibakteri dengan mengukur daya hambat ekstrak etanol propolis (EEP) Trigona spp. terhadap pertumbuhan C. acnes. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode in vitro dengan desain post-test only control group. Propolis mentah Trigona spp. diperoleh dari Dayeuhluhur, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Zona hambat EEP Trigona spp. diukur menggunakan metode agar-well diffusion. Kelompok penelitian terdiri dari kelompok konsentrasi EEP (12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100%), kontrol positif (doksisiklin), dan kontrol negatif (DMSO) dengan 4 kali pengulangan yang dilakukan di laboratorium FMIPA Universitas Islam bandung pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2024. Median zona hambat EEP Trigona spp. 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100% berturut-turut yaitu 11,7 mm, 12,45 mm, 14,3 mm, dan 2,1 mm. Daya hambat EEP Trigona spp. 12,5%, 25%, dan 50% memiliki daya hambat kuat dan EEP 100% memiliki daya hambat lemah dengan median zona hambat terbesar pada EEP 50% (14,3 mm) sehingga, EEP Trigona spp. dapat dikembangkan sebagai pengobatan alternatif penyakit yang disebabkan oleh C. acnes, terutama akne vulgaris.
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