Tinjauan Antibakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.)

Airlangga Cahya Respati; Lelly Yuniarti; Eva Rianti Indrasari

doi:10.29313/bcsms.v5i1.18043

Airlangga Cahya Respati Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
Lelly Yuniarti
Eva Rianti Indrasari Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsms.v5i1.18043

Keywords: Bawang Merah, Staphylococcus Aureus, Oxacillin

Abstract

Abstract. Staphylococcus aureus is a normal flora in the human body, primarily on the skin and respiratory tract, but it can act as a pathogen when the immune system is compromised. Skin infections, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and necrotizing fasciitis are some diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus infections. The use of penicillin-class antibiotics has seen increasing resistance against Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to analyze the antibacterial activity of red onion peel extract against Staphylococcus aureus. This research is an in vitro experimental study using the agar diffusion and microdilution methods. Inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated at various extract concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). Oxacillin was used as a positive control, and DMSO as a negative control. The extract showed significant antibacterial activity, with the 100% concentration producing the largest inhibition zone (14.5 mm). MIC was observed at a concentration of 60%, while MBC revealed 53 bacterial colonies remaining at a 100% concentration. However, the inhibition zone produced by the extract was smaller than that of oxacillin (27.2 mm). Ethanol extract of red onion peel demonstrated antibacterial activity that could not kill Staphylococcus aureus, indicating only bacteriostatic effects. Its effectiveness level was also lower compared to oxacillin. Further research is needed to optimize the formulation of this extract and evaluate its clinical efficacy.

Abstrak. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan flora normal pada tubuh manusia terutama pada bagian kulit dan saluran pernafasan, namun juga sebagai patogen ketika sistem imun pada tubuh menurun. Infeksi kulit, infeksi aliran darah, endokarditis, osteomielitis, dan necrotizing fascilitis adalah beberapa penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penggunaan antibiotik golongan penicillin mengalami peningkatan kejadian resistensi terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis daya antibakteri kulit bawang merah terhadap Staphyloococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental invitro terhadap Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode difusi agar dan mikrodilusi. Zona hambat, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM), dan konsentrasi bunuh minimum (KBM) dievaluasi pada berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100%). Oxacillin digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan DMSO sebagai kontrol negatif. Ekstrak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri signifikan, dengan konsentrasi 100% menghasilkan zona hambat terbesar (14,5 mm). KHM ditemukan pada konsentrasi 60%, sedangkan KBM berada pada masih terdapat koloni bakteri sebanyak 51 koloni pada konsentrasi 100%. Meskipun demikian, zona hambat yang dihasilkan ekstrak lebih kecil dibandingkan oxacililin (27,2 mm). Ekstrak etanol kulit bawang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang tidak dapat membunuh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, sehingga hanya memiliki efek bakteriostatik. Tingkat efektivitasnya juga lebih rendah dibandingkan oxacillin. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan formulasi ekstrak ini dan mengevaluasi efektivitas klinisnya.

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