Hubungan Prematur dengan Cerebral Palsy di Rumah Sakit Al-Islam Bandung

Aulia Zahirah Fatimah Hafidzah; Herry Garna; Yani Dewi Suryani

doi:10.29313/bcsms.v5i1.17959

Aulia Zahirah Fatimah Hafidzah Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
Herry Garna Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
Yani Dewi Suryani Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsms.v5i1.17959

Keywords: Cerebral Palsy, Kelahiran Prematur, Bayi

Abstract

Abstract. Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the clinically and socially significant non-progressive neurological disorders, often associated with preterm birth. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between preterm birth and the incidence of CP at Al-Islam Hospital Bandung for the period 2022–2024 using a retrospective approach based on medical record data. Among 519 preterm infants, 40 infants (63,5%) were diagnosed with CP, whereas only 23 infants (36,5%) out of 1,631 term infants were affected. The analysis revealed a significant relationship between preterm birth and the incidence of CP (p < 0.001). An Odds Ratio of 5.838 (95% CI: 3.461–9.849) indicated that preterm infants are 5.8 times more likely to develop CP compared to term infants. This study demonstrates that prematurity is a significant risk factor for CP. Preterm infants have a higher prevalence of CP compared to term infants. These findings underscore the importance of preventive interventions, such as optimal prenatal care and improved neonatal facilities, to reduce the risk of CP in preterm infants. Further research is needed to evaluate other factors that may influence the relationship between prematurity and CP.

Abstrak. Cerebral palsy (CP) merupakan salah satu gangguan neurologis non-progresif yang signifikan secara klinis dan sosial, sering kali berhubungan dengan kelahiran prematur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara kelahiran prematur dan kejadian CP di Rumah Sakit Al-Islam Bandung periode 2022–2024 dengan pendekatan retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis. Dari 519 bayi prematur, sebanyak 40 bayi (63,5%) mengalami CP, sedangkan dari 1.631 bayi cukup bulan, hanya 23 bayi (36,5%) yang mengalami CP. Hasil analisis menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara kelahiran prematur dan kejadian CP (p < 0,001). Odds Ratio sebesar 5,838 (95% CI: 3,461–9,849) mengindikasikan bahwa bayi prematur memiliki peluang 5,8 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami CP dibandingkan bayi cukup bulan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prematuritas merupakan faktor risiko signifikan untuk CP. Bayi prematur memiliki prevalensi CP yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bayi cukup bulan. Hasil ini menekankan pentingnya intervensi preventif, seperti perawatan prenatal yang optimal dan peningkatan fasilitas neonatal, untuk mengurangi risiko CP pada bayi prematur. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi faktor-faktor lain yang dapat memengaruhi hubungan antara prematuritas dan CP.

References

1. MSD Manual Consumer Version. Preterm (Premature) Newborns - Children’s Health Issues [Internet]. [Diunduh 2024 Jan 3]. Tersedia dari:
https://www-msdmanuals-com.translate.goog/home/children-s-health-issues/general-problems-in-newborns/preterm-premature-newborns?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=tc
2. World Health Organization. Preterm birth [Internet]. 2023 [Diunduh 2023 Nov 20]. Tersedia dari:
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Preterm Birth: Maternal and Infant Health [Internet]. 2023 [Diunduh 2024 Jan 3]. Tersedia dari:
https://www-cdc-gov.translate.goog/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pretermbirth.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=tc
4. Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet. 2008;371(9606):75–84. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60074-4.
5. Quinn JA, Munoz FM, Gonik B, Frau L, Cutland C, Mallett-Moore T, dkk. Preterm birth: case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data. Vaccine. 2016;34(49):6047–56.
6. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Pelayanan Kesehatan [Internet]. [Diunduh 2023 Nov 18]. Tersedia dari:
https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_artikel/1647/kelahiran-bayi-prematur
7. Emory School of Medicine. Motor Impairment Associated with Neurological Injury in Premature Infants [Internet]. [Diunduh 2024 Jan 12]. Tersedia dari:
https://med.emory.edu/departments/pediatrics/divisions/neonatology/dpc/cp-mx.html
8. Yates N, Gunn AJ, Bennet L, Dhillon SK, Davidson JO. Preventing brain injury in the preterm infant—current controversies and potential therapies. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(4):1671.
9. Gorter JW, Rosenbaum LP, Hanna SE, Palisano RJ, Bartlett DJ, Russell DJ, dkk. Limb distribution, motor impairment, and functional classification of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004;46:461–7.
10. Bax M, Goldstein M, Rosenbaum P, Leviton A, Paneth N, Dan B, dkk. Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47:571–6.
11. Nelson KB. Preventing cerebral palsy: paths not (yet) taken. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009;51(10):765–6.
12. Moster D, Lie RT, Markestad T. Long-term medical and social consequences of preterm birth. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(3):262–73.
13. CerebralPalsy.org. Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy [Internet]. [Diunduh 2023 Nov 29]. Tersedia dari:
https://www-cerebralpalsy-org.translate.goog/about-cerebral-palsy/prevalence-and-incidence?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=tc
14. Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, dkk. A report: The definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49:8–14. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.tb12610.x.
15. Himmelmann K, Hagberg G, Beckung E, dkk. The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. IX. Prevalence and origin in the birth-year period 1995-1998. Acta Paediatr. 2010;99(9):1337-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01812.x.