Hubungan Rinitis Alergi dengan Health-Related Quality of Life Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung Tahun 2024

Abstract

Abstract. Allergic Rhinitis is a nasal hypersensitivity with symptoms such as runny nose, congestion, itching, sneezing that is reversible spontaneously or with treatment. Based on the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Guidelines 2016, there is a classification based on duration (intermittent & persistent) and severity (mild & moderate-severe) of symptoms. Allergic rhinitis can cause a decrease in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) which can be assessed using the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between allergic rhinitis and HRQoL in Medical Faculty Students of Islamic University Bandung Year 2024. The method used was analytic observational with a cross-sectional design taken from primary data in the form of Score For Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) and RQLQ questionnaires. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 96 research subjects were obtained. The research data were analyzed using chi-square. The results showed that most of the research subjects were female (71%), and most of the research subjects had allergic rhinitis (55%). Based on the classification of allergic rhinitis, most of the research subjects with allergic rhinitis were classified as moderate-severe intermittent (70%). Based on the RQLQ, the domain with the most severe impairment is nasal symptoms. Research subjects with allergic rhinitis was more impaired with more severe disorders in the classification of moderate-severe intermittent & moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis, while non-rhinitis allergies had milder disorders. The results of the chi-square test showed a relationship between allergic rhinitis and Health-Related Quality of Life in Students of the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Bandung Year 2024 (p=0.003). One of the most important aspects of allergic rhinitis can be nasal congestion which has the potential to disrupt sleep quality. This can lead to other problems such as drowsiness, fatigue, restlessness, or decreased cognitive function that impacts the thinking process, memory, and learning which affects the Health-Related Quality of Life in medical students.

Abstrak. Rinitis Alergi merupakan hipersensitivitas pada hidung dengan gejala seperti hidung berair, tersumbat, gatal, bersin yang bersifat reversibel secara spontan atau dengan pengobatan. Berdasarkan Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Guidelines 2016, terdapat klasifikasi berdasarkan durasi (intermittent & persistent) dan keparahan (mild & moderate-severe) gejala. Rinitis alergi dapat menyebabkan penurunan Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) yang dapat dinilai salah satunya menggunakan Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara rinitis alergi dengan HRQoL pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung tahun 2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional yang diambil dari data primer berupa kuesioner Score For Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) dan RQLQ. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan subjek penelitian sebanyak 96 orang. Data penelitian dilakuan analisis menggunakan chi-square. Hasil menunjukkan sebagian besar adalah perempuan (71%), dan sebagian besar subjek penelitian memiliki rinitis alergi (55%). Berdasarkan klasifikasi rinitis alergi, sebagian besar subjek penelitian dengan rinitis alergi terklasifikasi sebagai moderate-severe intermittent (70%). Berdasarkan RQLQ, domain dengan gangguan terberat adalah gejala hidung. Subjek penelitian dengan rinitis alergi mengalami gangguan HRQoL yang lebih berat pada klasifikasi rinitis alergi moderate-severe intermittent & moderate-severe persistent, sedangkan non-rinitis alergi memiliki gangguan yang lebih ringan. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara rinitis alergi dengan Health-Related Quality of Life pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung Tahun 2024 (p=0,003). Salah satu aspek terpenting dari rinitis alergi dapat menimbulkan hidung tersumbat yang berpotensi menganggu kualitas tidur. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan masalah lain seperti rasa mengantuk, lelah, gelisah, atau penurunan fungsi kognitif yang berdampak pada proses berpikir, ingatan, dan belajar yang berpengaruh terhadap Health-Related Quality of Life pada mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran.