Efek Toksisitas Subkronik Paparan Zat Pewarna Tekstil Sintetis Golongan Azo Congo Red terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Organ Hati Tikus
Abstract
Abstract. Subchronic exposure to synthetic azo dyes, such as Congo Red, has been identified as having potential hepatotoxic effects. This study aimed to analyze the impact of Congo Red azo dye exposure on the histopathological features of the liver in Wistar rats. The research employed an experimental laboratory design using a post-test only control group method. A total of 28 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a negative control and three treatment groups receiving doses of 190 mg/kgBW, 375 mg/kgBW, and 750 mg/kgBW. The study was conducted over 89 days. Results revealed that normal, undamaged cells were observed in 22.86% of the samples, accounting for 32 microscopic fields. Histological liver damage of grade 1 (inflammation) was identified in 27.14% of the fields, representing 38 fields, while grade 2 damage (necrosis) was noted in 50% of the fields, or 70 microscopic fields. Fibrosis was absent, with 0% of fields showing fibrotic changes across a total of 140 fields. The severity of histopathological liver damage was directly proportional to the increase in dose. SGOT and SGPT levels showed no significant elevation in the treatment groups, indicating no substantial liver damage. The study concluded that exposure to Congo Red azo dye induces significant liver damage, particularly at high doses, although no evidence of fibrosis was observed during the study period. This research provides critical insights into the toxicological effects of synthetic dyes and highlights the importance of regulatory measures and protective interventions for exposed individuals.
Abstrak. Paparan subkronik zat pewarna sintetis golongan azo dye, seperti Congo Red, telah diketahui memiliki potensi toksisitas terhadap organ hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak paparan zat pewarna azo dye Congo Red terhadap gambaran histopatologi organ hati tikus galur wistar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan post-test only control group. Sebanyak 28 tikus galur Wistar dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok: kontrol negatif dan perlakuan dengan dosis 190 mg/kgBB, 375 mg/kgBB, dan 750 mg/kgBB. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 89 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sel normal yang tidak mengalami kerusakan mencapai 22,86% dengan jumlah 32 lapang pandang, kerusakan histologi hati tikus derajat 1 berupa inflamasi mencapai 27,14%, dengan jumlah 38 lapang pandang kerusakan histologi hati tikus derajat 2 beruapa nekrosis mencapai 50%, dengan jumlah 70 lapang pandang, dan kerusakan histologis hati tikus berupa fibrosis dengan persentase 0%, dengan jumlah 0 lapang pandang dari total 140 lapang pandang. Peningkatan dosis berbanding lurus dengan derajat kerusakan histopatologi hati. Nilai SGOT dan SGPT menunjukkan tidak ada peningkatan pada kelompok perlakuan, mengindikasikan tidak ada kerusakan yang masif pada organ hati. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah paparan zat pewarna azo Congo Red dapat menyebabkan kerusakan organ hati yang signifikan, terutama pada dosis tinggi, namun tidak ditemukan tanda-tanda fibrosis selama durasi penelitian. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam memahami dampak toksisitas zat pewarna sintetis dan menekankan pentingnya regulasi serta perlindungan bagi individu yang terpapar.
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