Hubungan Durasi Paparan Streptozotosin terhadap Histopatologi Ginjal dan Kadar Kreatinin Mencit

Abstract

Abstract. The kidneys play vital role in filtering metabolic waste and maintaining the body''s balance. In diabetes mellitus, chronic hyperglycemia can damage nephrons through the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), inflammation, and redox imbalance, leading to diabetic nephropathy. This study aims to analyze the effect of streptozotocin exposure on serum creatinine levels and kidney histopathology of mice (Mus musculus). The study was conducted using 24 male BALB/C strain mice divided into 4 groups: control, acute exposure (24 hours), subacute (14 days), and subchronic (38 days). Mice were induced with streptozotocin at a single dose of 165 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. Blood glucose and serum creatinine levels were measured, and kidney histopathology analysis was performed to observe structural changes. Sreptozotocin significantly increased blood glucose in the treatment groups: acute (P1): 379.5 mg/dL, subacute (P2): 341.83 mg/dL, and subchronic (P3): 312.83 mg/dL Serum creatinine levels increased with the duration of streptozotocin exposure, from 0.2356 mg/dL (P1) to 0.4140 mg/dL (P3). Renal histopathologic changes included tubular necrosis, glomerular collapse, and collagen accumulation, especially in subacute and subchronic exposure. Damage was caused by Reactive Oxygen Species, inflammation. The duration of Streptozotocin exposure is positively associated with the level of renal damage in terms of function and structure.  Conclusion based on Pearson analysis, there is a significant difference between creatinine levels and renal histopathology structure in each control and treatment group. Thus, modeling of diabetic rats can demonstrate the effects of complications on kidney damage.

Abstrak. Ginjal memainkan peran penting dalam menyaring limbah metabolisme dan menjaga keseimbangan tubuh. Pada diabetes melitus, hiperglikemia kronis dapat merusak nefron melalui produksi Reactive Oxygen Species, inflamasi, dan ketidakseimbangan redoks, yang menyebabkan nefropati diabetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pajanan streptozotosin terhadap kadar kreatinin serum dan histopatologi ginjal mencit.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 24 ekor mencit jantan galur BALB/C yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu kontrol, pajanan akut (24 jam), subakut (14 hari), dan subkronis (38 hari). Mencit diinduksi dengan streptozotosin dengan dosis tunggal 165 mg/kg berat badan secara intraperitoneal. Kadar glukosa darah dan kreatinin serum diukur, dan analisis histopatologi ginjal dilakukan untuk mengamati perubahan struktural yang diinduksi streptozotosin secara signifikan meningkatkan glukosa darah pada kelompok perlakuan: akut (P1): 379,5 mg/dL, subakut (P2): 341,83 mg/dL subkronis (P3): 312,83 mg/dL Kadar kreatinin serum meningkat seiring dengan lamanya paparan streptozotosin, dari 0,2356 mg/dL (P1) menjadi 0,4140 mg/dL (P3). Perubahan histopatologi ginjal termasuk nekrosis tubular, kolaps glomerulus, dan akumulasi kolagen, terutama pada pajanan subakut dan subkronis. Kerusakan disebabkan oleh Reactive Oxygen Species, inflamasi, durasi paparan streptozotosin berhubungan positif dengan tingkat kerusakan ginjal dalam hal fungsi dan struktur. Kesimpulan berdasarkan analisis Pearson correlation, terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kadar kreatinin dan struktur histopatologi ginjal pada setiap kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Dengan demikian, pemodelan tikus diabetes dapat menunjukkan efek komplikasi pada kerusakan ginjal.