Studi Literatur: Tinjauan Efek Diabetes Melitus dan Rokok pada Kesehatan Pankreas
Abstract
Abstract. The pancreas plays a crucial role in both endocrine and exocrine functions, maintaining glucose homeostasis and assisting in digestion. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and smoking are two significant factors that adversely affect pancreatic health, contributing to various disorders such as pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. DM, a chronic metabolic condition, is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to either insulin deficiency or resistance, while smoking introduces harmful chemicals that promote inflammation and oxidative stress, further damaging pancreatic tissue. This literature review explores the effects of diabetes mellitus and smoking on pancreatic health, focusing on their role in pancreatic dysfunction, inflammation, and the development of diseases like pancreatitis. The combination of these factors creates a compounded risk for pancreatic health, highlighting the need for effective prevention and management strategies. A deeper understanding of the interactions between these conditions is essential for improving the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases.
Abstrak. Pankreas memiliki peran penting dalam tubuh, berfungsi sebagai kelenjar endokrin yang mengatur kadar glukosa darah dan kelenjar eksokrin yang membantu proses pencernaan. Gangguan pada pankreas, seperti diabetes melitus (DM) dan penyakit pankreas lainnya, dapat berdampak buruk pada metabolisme tubuh. Diabetes melitus, terutama tipe 1 dan tipe 2, dapat merusak fungsi pankreas, terutama sel beta yang menghasilkan insulin. Merokok juga merupakan faktor risiko utama untuk berbagai penyakit pankreas, termasuk pankreatitis dan kanker pankreas, serta memperburuk pengelolaan diabetes. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau efek kombinasi diabetes melitus dan kebiasaan merokok terhadap kesehatan pankreas. Berdasarkan studi literatur, ditemukan bahwa kedua faktor ini memiliki dampak kumulatif yang signifikan terhadap fungsi pankreas, dengan merokok memperburuk resistensi insulin dan inflamasi pankreas, yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan risiko komplikasi diabetes dan gangguan pankreas lainnya. Kesimpulannya, pencegahan dan pengelolaan yang komprehensif terhadap diabetes dan merokok sangat penting untuk menjaga kesehatan pankreas dan mencegah kerusakan lebih lanjut.
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