Hubungan HbA1c dan Derajat Retinopati Diabetik
Abstract
Abstract. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance or insulin deficiency. One common microvascular complication in DM patients is diabetic retinopathy which can lead to decreased visual acuity and blindness. This study aims to analyze the relationship between HbA1c levels and the degree of DR in type 2 DM patients at RS Al-Ihsan Bandung. The research methodology employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 37 patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using the Chi Square test. The study results indicated that the majority of patients had abnormal HbA1c levels; however, no significant relationship was found between HbA1c levels and the degree of DR in both <5 years and ≥5 years DM duration groups (p=0.357 and p=1.000). The discussion highlights the possibility of other risk factors influencing the development of DR, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. The study's limitations include a small sample size and incomplete data. The conclusion suggests the necessity for comprehensive DM management and further research with larger samples and more complete variables.
Abstrak. Diabetes melitus tipe 2 adalah penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai oleh hiperglikemia akibat resistensi insulin atau defisiensi insulin. Salah satu komplikasi mikrovaskular yang umum terjadi pada pasien DM adalah retinopati diabetik yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan ketajaman penglihatan dan kebutaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kadar HbA1c dan derajat RD pada pasien DM tipe 2 di RS Al-Ihsan Bandung. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, melibatkan 37 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dikumpulkan dari rekam medis dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pasien memiliki kadar HbA1c tidak normal, namun tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara kadar HbA1c dan derajat RD baik pada kelompok DM <5 tahun maupun ≥5 tahun (p=0,357 dan p=1,000). Pembahasan mengemukakan kemungkinan faktor risiko lain yang mempengaruhi perkembangan RD, seperti hipertensi dan dislipidemia. Keterbatasan penelitian meliputi ukuran sampel yang kecil dan data yang tidak lengkap. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya pengelolaan DM yang komprehensif serta penelitian lebih lanjut dengan sampel yang lebih besar dan variabel yang lebih lengkap.
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