Pengaruh Asap Rokok dan Diabetes Melitus terhadap Alveoli Paru-paru Tikus
Abstract
Abstract. Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects glucose metabolism and various organs, including the lungs. Exposure to cigarette smoke exacerbates lung damage in DM due to toxic substances. This study aimed to identify the impact of cigarette smoke exposure on alveolar width in a rat model of DM. This research was a true in vitro experiment using 18 male Wistar strain rats divided into three groups: the control group (K1), the diabetes group exposed to cigarette smoke (K2), and the diabetes group exposed to cigarette smoke and given simvastatin and glibenclamide (K3). Diabetes was induced in the rats using streptozotocin (STZ), followed by treatment according to their respective groups, and observations were made for one month. Lung tissue was stained using Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and observed under a microscope at 400x magnification. One-way ANOVA test results showed no significant difference in the average alveolar width with p=0.283. An increase in alveolar width was found in K2 and a decrease in K3. This may be due to inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms. The administration of simvastatin and glibenclamide was able to reduce this damage with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study provides a scientific basis for the development of additional therapies for DM patients with a risk of lung complications.
Abstrak. Diabetes tidak hanya memengaruhi metabolisme glukosa tetapi juga berdampak pada berbagai organ, termasuk paru-paru. Paparan asap rokok memiliki zat beracun sehingga memperparah dampak DM pada paru-paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak paparan asap rokok terhadap lebar alveoli pada tikus model diabetes melitus (DM). Penelitian ini merupakan true eksperimental invitro menggunakan 18 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Wistar dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok: kelompok kontrol (K1), kelompok diabetes yang terpapar asap rokok (K2), dan kelompok diabetes yang terpapar asap rokok serta diberikan simvastatin dan glibenklamid (K3). Tikus diinduksi diabetes menggunakan streptozotocin (STZ), lalu dilakukan perlakuan sesuai kelompoknya dan diamati selama satu bulan. Jaringan paru-paru diwarnai menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) dan dilakukan pembacaan mikroskop pembesaran 400x. Hasil Uji One-way ANOVA tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada rata-rata lebar alveoli didapatkan p=0.283. Ditemukan adanya peningkatan lebar pada K2 dan menurun pada K3. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan melalui mekanisme inflamasi dan stress oksidatif. Pemberian simvastatin dan glibenklamid mampu mengurangi kerusakan tersebut dengan efek antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini memberikan dasar ilmiah untuk pengembangan terapi tambahan bagi pasien DM dengan risiko komplikasi paru-paru.
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